ArticleWorld journal of gastroenterology2002
Evidences for vagus nerve in maintenance of immune balance and transmission of immune information from gut to brain in STM-infected rats.
Article in World journal of gastroenterology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ghrelin: integrative neuroendocrine peptide in health and disease.Annals of surgery · 2004Pooled it
- Gut Microbiome in Obesity: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms, Interventions, and Future Directions.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- The Oral Microbiota: Implications in Mucosal Health and Systemic Disease-Crosstalk with Gut and Brain.Cells · 2026Review
- Review
- A Narrative Hypothesis: The Important Role of Gut Microbiota in the Modulation of Effort Tolerance in Endurance Athletes.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD): two potential mechanisms in cognitive function.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Should we consider microbiota-based interventions as a novel therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- From environment to brain: the role of microplastics in neurobehavioral disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- The Human Microbiome-A Physiologic Perspective.Comprehensive Physiology · 2024Review
- Nutritional Criminology: Why the Emerging Research on Ultra-Processed Food Matters to Health and Justice.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Acupuncture influences multiple diseases by regulating gut microbiota.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Air pollution accelerates the development of obesity and Alzheimer's disease: the role of leptin and inflammation - a mini-review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Microbial Reprogramming in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: A Review of Gut-Brain Communication and Emerging Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The contribution of the peripheral immune system to neurodegeneration.Nature neuroscience · 2023Review
- Bi-directional elucidation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (RTA 8) intervention on the pathophysiology of gut-brain axis during Salmonella brain infection.Gut pathogens · 2022Article
- Vagus Nerve and Underlying Impact on the Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis in Behavior and Neurodegenerative Diseases.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- Multiple sclerosis and the microbiota: Progress in understanding the contribution of the gut microbiome to disease.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2022Review
- Advantages and limitations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in breaking down the role of the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Potential improvements of the cognition of piglets through a synbiotic supplementation from 1 to 28 days via the gut microbiota.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Unravelling the potential of gut microbiota in sustaining brain health and their current prospective towards development of neurotherapeutics.Archives of microbiology · 2021Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo determine whether Salmonella Typhimurium (STM)in gastrointestinal tract can induce the functional activation of brain, whether the vagus nerve involves in signaling immune information from gastrointestinal tract to brain and how it influences the immune function under natural infection condition.
methodsAnimal model of gastrointestinal tract infection in the rat was established by an intubation of Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) into stomach to mimic the condition of natural bacteria infection. Subdiagphragmatic vagotomy was performed in some of the animals 28 days before infection. The changes of Fos expression visualized with immunohistochemistry technique in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and superaoptic nucleus (SON) were counted. Meanwhile, the percentage and the Mean Intensities of Fluorescent (MIFs) of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood were measured by using flow cytometry (FCM), and the pathological changes in ileum and mesenteric lymph node were observed in HE stained sections.
resultsIn bacteria-stimulated groups, inflammatory pathological changes were seen in ileum and mesenteric lymph node. The percentages of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood were decreased from 42%+/-4.5% to 34%+/-4.9% (P<0.05) and MIFs of CD8+ T cells were also decreased from 2.9+/-0.39 to 2.1+/-0.36 (P<0.05) with STM stimulation. All of them proved that our STM-infection model was reliable. Fos immunoreactive (Fos-ir) cells in PVN and SON increased significantly with STM stimulation, from 189+/-41 to 467+/-62 (P<0.05) and from 64+/-21 to 282+/-47 (P<0.05) individually, which suggested that STM in gastrointestinal tract induced the functional activation of brain. Subdiagphragmatic vagotomy attenuated Fos expression in PVN and SON induced by STM, from 467+/-62 to 226+/-45 (P<0.05) and from 282+/-47 to 71+/-19 (P<0.05) individually, and restored the decreased percentages of CD4+ T cells induced by STM from 34%+/-4.9% to original level 44%+/-6.0% (P<0.05). In addition, subdiagphragmatic vagotomy itself also decreased the percentages of CD8+ T cells (from 28%+/-3.0% to 21%+/-5.9%, P<0.05) and MIFs of CD4+ (from 6.6+/-0.6 to 4.9+/-1.0, P<0.05) and CD8+ T cells (from 2.9+/-0.39 to 1.4+/-0.34, P<0.05). Both of them manifested the important role of vagus nerve in transmitting immune information from gut to brain and maintaining the immune balance of the organism.
conclusionVagus nerve does involve in transmitting abdominal immune information into the brain in STM infection condition and play an important role in maintenance of the immune balance of the organism.
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