ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
Evaluating Chicago's success in reaching the Healthy People 2000 goal of reducing health disparities.
Article in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The social determinants of infant mortality and birth outcomes in Western developed nations: a cross-country systematic review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2013Pooled it
- BRIGHTEN Heart: Design and baseline characteristics of a randomized controlled trial for minority older adults with depression and cardiometabolic syndrome.Contemporary clinical trials · 2016Trial
- Article
- Measurement of Neighborhood Context in an Urban Cohort of HIV-infected or at risk Low-Income Women.Journal of poverty · 2017Article
- Trends in Mortality Disparities by Area-Based Poverty in New York City, 1990-2010.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2016Article
- Black: White Health Disparities in the United States and Chicago: 1990-2010.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2015Article
- Trends and Disparities in TB among U.S. Born Black and White Chicago Residents, 1998 - 2008.Journal of health disparities research and practice · 2014Article
- Black-White health disparities in the United States and Chicago: a 15-year progress analysis.American journal of public health · 2010Article
- Challenges for multilevel health disparities research in a transdisciplinary environment.American journal of preventive medicine · 2008Article
- Variations in the health conditions of 6 Chicago community areas: a case for local-level data.American journal of public health · 2006Article
- Residential racial concentration and birth outcomes by nativity: do neighbors matter?Journal of the National Medical Association · 2006Article
- Diversity and disparity: GIS and small-area analysis in six Chicago neighborhoods.Journal of medical systems · 2004Article
- Comparison of health status indicators in chicago: are Black-White disparities worsening?American journal of public health · 2004Article
- Improving city health: how can we tell?Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2002Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study was designed to assess Chicago's progress from 1980 to 1998 in addressing the Healthy People 2000 goal of reducing health disparities.
methodsChicago vital statistics and surveillance data were used to calculate black:white rate ratios of mortality and morbidity for 1980-1998. Mortality and morbidity rate ratios were also used to compare people living in areas with the lowest median household income with those living in the highest for 1979-1981, 1991-1993, and 1996-1998. The health measures included mortality associated with leading causes of death; all-cause mortality, incidence rates for two communicable diseases; and two birth outcomes.
resultsBoth black:white and low-income:high-income rate ratios monotonically increased for virtually all measures of mortality and morbidity. Almost all of the rate ratios and linear trends were statistically significant. From 1980 to 1998, the black:white rate ratio for all-cause mortality increased by 57% to 2.03. From 1979-1981 to 1996-1998, the low-income:high-income rate ratio for all-cause mortality increased by 56% to 2.68.
conclusionsThese findings provide clear evidence that disparities in health did not decrease in Chicago. Instead, racial and economic disparities increased for almost all measures of mortality and morbidity used in this study. The fact that the Healthy People 2000 campaign to reduce and then eliminate health disparities was not effective must serve as a stimulus for improved strategies.
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