ArticleAmerican journal of public health2002
Why and how the tobacco industry sells cigarettes to young adults: evidence from industry documents.
Article in American journal of public health, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 263 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
263 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A content analysis of popular media reporting regarding increases in minimum ages of legal access for tobacco.BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- A systematic review on the impact of point-of-sale tobacco promotion on smoking.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Pooled it
- Impact of tobacco advertising and promotion on increasing adolescent smoking behaviours.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2011Pooled it
- Branded packaging raises likelihood of cigarette purchasing in an experimental retail setting by increasing craving.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Trial
- Young Adult Responses to Peer Crowd-Based Targeting in E-cigarette Advertisements: An Experimental Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Evidence of Youth-Appealing Cigarette Advertising Tactics from a Randomized, Controlled Experiment.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Mobile Text Messaging for Tobacco Risk Communication Among Young Adult Community College Students: Randomized Trial of Project Debunk.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2021Trial
- "Tobacco and Water": Testing the Health Halo Effect of Natural American Spirit Cigarette Ads and Its Relationship with Perceived Absolute Harm and Use Intentions.Health communication · 2021Trial
- Adolescents' Health Perceptions of Natural American Spirit's On-the-Pack Eco-Friendly Campaign.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2021Trial
- Examining Age as a Potential Moderator of Response to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Vulnerable Populations.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Trial
- Targeted Versus Nontargeted Communication About Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in Three Smoker Groups.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Trial
- Contingency management for college student smokers: The role of drinking as a moderator and mediator of smoking abstinence during treatment.Addictive behaviors · 2018Trial
- Cigarette packaging and health warnings: the impact of plain packaging and message framing on young smokers.Tobacco control · 2015Trial
- Process evaluation of a mHealth program: lessons learned from Stop My Smoking USA, a text messaging-based smoking cessation program for young adults.Patient education and counseling · 2014Trial
- Efficacy of an experiential, dissonance-based smoking intervention for college students delivered via the internet.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2013Trial
- Children and youth perceive smoking messages in an unbranded advertisement from a NIKE marketing campaign: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMC pediatrics · 2011Trial
- Simultaneous versus Sequential Cessation of Tobacco and Cannabis: Preferences of Young Adults Who Co-Use in France.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Crossed Pathways: Tobacco-Cannabis Co-Use and Motivation to Quit in Young Adults in France.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Parsing Instagram Posts for Smoking Imagery Amongst Users: A Content Analysis.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2026Article
- The Impact of the Transition into First Employment on Smoking Behavior Among Young Workers in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
203 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo improve tobacco control campaigns, we analyzed tobacco industry strategies that encourage young adults (aged 18 to 24) to smoke.
methodsInitial searches of tobacco industry documents with keywords (e.g., "young adult") were extended by using names, locations, and dates.
resultsApproximately 200 relevant documents were found. Transitions from experimentation to addiction, with adult levels of cigarette consumption, may take years. Tobacco marketing solidifies addiction among young adults. Cigarette advertisements encourage regular smoking and increased consumption by integrating smoking into activities and places where young adults' lives change (e.g., leaving home, college, jobs, the military, bars).
conclusionsTobacco control efforts should include both adults and youths. Life changes are also opportunities to stop occasional smokers' progress to addiction. Clean air policies in workplaces, the military, bars, colleges, and homes can combat tobacco marketing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.