ArticleBMC biotechnology2002
Low-volume jet injection for intradermal immunization in rabbits.
Article in BMC biotechnology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in gene transfer technologies: comparing viral and non-viral vectors for therapeutic applications.3 Biotech · 2026Review
- A Needle-Free Jet Injection System for Controlled Release and Repeated Biopharmaceutical Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Gene therapy delivery systems for enhancing viral and nonviral vectors for cardiac diseases: current concepts and future applications.Human gene therapy · 2013Review
- Myocardial gene transfer: routes and devices for regulation of transgene expression by modulation of cellular permeability.Human gene therapy · 2013Review
- HER2/neu DNA vaccination by intradermal gene delivery in a mouse tumor model: Gene gun is superior to jet injector in inducing CTL responses and protective immunity.Oncoimmunology · 2012Article
- Formulation and coating of microneedles with inactivated influenza virus to improve vaccine stability and immunogenicity.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2010Article
- Nonviral gene delivery: principle, limitations, and recent progress.The AAPS journal · 2009Review
- Physical methods of nucleic acid transfer: general concepts and applications.British journal of pharmacology · 2009Review
- Current status and future prospects of needle-free liquid jet injectors.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2006Review
- Immunization without needles.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2005Review
- Low-volume jet injection for efficient nonviral in vivo gene transfer.Molecular biotechnology · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study tested a low-volume (20-30 microl/20-30 microg DNA) jet injection method for intradermal delivery of a DNA vaccine. Jet injection offers the advantages of a needle-less system, low-cost, rapid preparation of the injected DNA solution, and a simple delivery system. More than one construct can be injected simultaneously and the method may be combined with adjuvants.
resultsLow-volume jet injection targeted delivery of a DNA solution exclusively to the dermis and epidermis of rabbits. A three injection series of plasmid DNA, encoding the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen stimulated a humoral immune response in 2/5 rabbits. One rabbit developed a significant rise in antibody titer after 1 injection and one following 2 injections. There were no significant differences between jet injection and particle bombardment in the maximal antibody titers or number of injections before response. A three injection series of the same plasmid DNA by particle bombardment elicited a significant rise in antibody titer in 3/5 rabbits. One rabbit developed antibody after 1 injection and two after 3 injections. In contrast, 0/5 rabbits receiving DNA by needle and syringe injection responded. In the jet injection and particle bombardment groups, gene expression levels in the skin did not predict response. While immune responses were similar, luciferase gene expression levels in the skin following particle bombardment were 10-100 times higher than jet injection.
conclusionLow-volume jet injection is a simple, effective methodology for intradermal DNA immunization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.