ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2002
Modulation of human immunodeficiency virus 1 replication by interferon regulatory factors.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulation of IRF7-driven transcription as a strategy to control HIV-1 latency.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Fighting HIV-1 Persistence: At the Crossroads of "Shoc-K and B-Lock".Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Hydrogen sulfide blocks HIV rebound by maintaining mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox homeostasis.eLife · 2021Article
- A functional screen identifies transcriptional networks that regulate HIV-1 and HIV-2.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Interactions with Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria Induce HIV-1 Latency in Macrophages through Altered Transcription Factor Recruitment to the LTR.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Human Metapneumovirus Induces IRF1Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Genetic variability of the U5 and downstream sequence of major HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Lupus-associated endogenous retroviral LTR polymorphism and epigenetic imprinting promote HRES-1/RAB4 expression and mTOR activation.JCI insight · 2020Article
- Junin Virus Triggers Macrophage Activation and Modulates Polarization According to Viral Strain Pathogenicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Lower Interferon Regulatory Factor-8 Expression in Peripheral Myeloid Cells Tracks With Adverse Central Nervous System Outcomes in Treated HIV Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Mechanism of Interferon-Stimulated Gene Induction in HIV-1-Infected Macrophages.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- HIV-1 Tat Recruits HDM2 E3 Ligase To Target IRF-1 for Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation.mBio · 2016Article
- NF-κB and IRF1 Induce Endogenous Retrovirus K Expression via Interferon-Stimulated Response Elements in Its 5' Long Terminal Repeat.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Blimp-1, an intrinsic factor that represses HIV-1 proviral transcription in memory CD4+ T cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Early IFN type I response: Learning from microbial evasion strategies.Seminars in immunology · 2015Review
- Review
- Innate antiviral immune signaling, viral evasion and modulation by HIV-1.Journal of molecular biology · 2014Review
- IκB kinase ε targets interferon regulatory factor 1 in activated T lymphocytes.Molecular and cellular biology · 2014Article
- Enhanced human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 expression and neuropathogenesis in knockout mice lacking Type I interferon responses.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is controlled by the cooperation of virally encoded and host regulatory proteins. The Tat protein is essential for viral replication, however, expression of Tat after virus entry requires HIV-1 promoter activation. A sequence in the 5' HIV-1 LTR, containing a binding site for transcription factors of the interferon regulatory factors (IRF) family has been suggested to be critical for HIV-1 transcription and replication. Here we show that IRF-1 activates HIV-1 LTR transcription in a dose-dependent fashion and in the absence of Tat. This has biological significance since IRF-1 is produced early upon virus entry, both in cell lines and in primary CD4+ T cells, and before expression of Tat. IRF-1 also cooperates with Tat in amplifying virus gene transcription and replication. This cooperation depends upon a physical interaction that is blocked by overexpression of IRF-8, the natural repressor of IRF-1, and, in turn is released by overexpression of IRF-1. These data suggest a key role of IRF-1 in the early phase of viral replication and/or during viral reactivation from latency, when viral transactivators are absent or present at very low levels, and suggest that the interplay between IRF-1 and IRF-8 may play a key role in virus latency.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.