A practical approach for the diagnosis and management of dilated cardiomyopathy.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to a group of conditions of diverse etiology in which both ventricles are enlarged with reduced contractility. Certain correctable conditions associated with ventricular dysfunction can masquerade as DCM. Most of them can be identified with relatively inexpensive and readily available tests. A typical diagnostic work-up for a child with DCM also includes a number of investigations to identify the underlying cause, some of which are expensive and sophisticated. The average center in the developing world often does not have the facilities to carry out these investigations. The results of many of these investigations typically do not translate into a specific management strategy that makes a difference to prognosis. A significant number of children with DCM will eventually develop end-stage heart failure that requires cardiac transplantation with or without bridging procedures. This is an unrealistic option for the developing world. The management strategy of childhood DCM in the developing world needs to be tailored to the resources available with in a manner such that the overall prognosis is not substantially affected.