ArticleGenetics2002
Larger genetic differences within africans than between Africans and Eurasians.
Article in Genetics, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The Role of Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Drug Response: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Structural Variations of Alu Elements in the Kuwaiti Population: Laying the Foundations for Forensic Medicine.Annals of human genetics · 2026Article
- Racialized Heteroscedasticity in Neuroimaging Features, Behavior Measures, and Neuroimaging-Based Predictive Models.Research square · 2026Article
- Deleterious coding variation associated with autism is shared across ancestries.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Differential results of genetic risk scoring for multiple sclerosis in European and African American populations.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Nephrogenomics, precision medicine and the role of genetic testing in adult kidney disease management.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Monoclonal Gammopathies in Africa.Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia · 2025Review
- Genetic Variation in Hydrochlorothiazide Response-Related Genes Among Hypertensive Individuals in Soweto, South Africa.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Universal Genetic Counseling and Testing for Black Women: A Risk-Stratified Approach to Addressing Breast Cancer Disparities.Clinical breast cancer · 2025Review
- Human dispersal into East Eurasia: ancient genome insights and the need for research on physiological adaptations.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2025Review
- Deleterious coding variation associated with autism is consistent across populations, as exemplified by admixed Latin American populations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Reclassification of variants of uncertain significance by race, ethnicity, and ancestry for patients at risk for breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Genetic association of ACE2 rs2285666 (C>T) and rs2106809 (A>G) and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among the Ghanaian population.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Ethnicity and sub-Saharan African representation in the emergency development of covid-19 vaccines.BMJ medicine · 2025Article
- Massively parallel approaches for characterizing noncoding functional variation in human evolution.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2024Review
- Genetic Diversity Landscape in African Population: A Review of Implications for Personalized and Precision Medicine.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2024Review
- The role of admixture in the rare variant contribution to inflammatory bowel disease.Genome medicine · 2023Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The worldwide pattern of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation is of great interest to human geneticists, population geneticists, and evolutionists, but remains incompletely understood. We studied the pattern in noncoding regions, because they are less affected by natural selection than are coding regions. Thus, it can reflect better the history of human evolution and can serve as a baseline for understanding the maintenance of SNPs in human populations. We sequenced 50 noncoding DNA segments each approximately 500 bp long in 10 Africans, 10 Europeans, and 10 Asians. An analysis of the data suggests that the sampling scheme is adequate for our purpose. The average nucleotide diversity (pi) for the 50 segments is only 0.061% +/- 0.010% among Asians and 0.064% +/- 0.011% among Europeans but almost twice as high (0.115% +/- 0.016%) among Africans. The African diversity estimate is even higher than that between Africans and Eurasians (0.096% +/- 0.012%). From available data for noncoding autosomal regions (total length = 47,038 bp) and X-linked regions (47,421 bp), we estimated the pi-values for autosomal regions to be 0.105, 0.070, 0.069, and 0.097% for Africans, Asians, Europeans, and between Africans and Eurasians, and the corresponding values for X-linked regions to be 0.088, 0.042, 0.053, and 0.082%. Thus, Africans differ from one another slightly more than from Eurasians, and the genetic diversity in Eurasians is largely a subset of that in Africans, supporting the out of Africa model of human evolution. Clearly, one must specify the geographic origins of the individuals sampled when studying pi or SNP density.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.