ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2002
Reproducibility of urinary phthalate metabolites in first morning urine samples.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07560579 (Weight Loss and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals), which is not on this map. Cited by 151 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Weight Loss and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs): Lifestyle Interventions to Lose Weight and Reduce EDC Exposure in Individuals With Overweight/Obesity
Who cites it
151 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Assessment of ovarian dysfunction induced by environmental toxins: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Prenatal phthalate exposure and cord blood DNA methylation.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Phenols, Parabens, Phthalates and Puberty: a Systematic Review of Synthetic Chemicals Commonly Found in Personal Care Products and Girls' Pubertal Development.Current environmental health reports · 2022Pooled it
- Prenatal exposure to phthalate and decreased body mass index of children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Environmental Exposure to Non-Persistent Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Endometriosis: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and anthropometric measures of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- Maternal exposure to di-2-ethylhexylphthalate and adverse delivery outcomes: A systematic review.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2016Pooled it
- Environmental chemicals and type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence.Current diabetes reports · 2013Pooled it
- Neuroendocrine Disruption of Reproduction by Bisphenols and Phthalates: From Molecular Mechanisms to Reproductive Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Phthalate exposure is associated with increased CVD risk in CKD: evidence from NHANES and network toxicology analysis.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Application of Electromigration Techniques in Clinical Bioanalysis of Heteroatom-Containing Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Phthalates and bisphenols early-life exposure, and childhood allergic conditions: a pooled analysis of cohort studies.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Exposure to phthalates and replacements during pregnancy in association with gestational blood pressure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Environmental Xenobiotics and Epigenetic Modifications: Implications for Human Health and Disease.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Using mixture and exposome methods to assess the associations and interactions of chemical biomarkers with semen parameters.Environment international · 2025Article
- Dose-response assessment of dipentyl phthalate effects on testosterone production and morphogenesis of late-gestation fetal rat testis.Environment international · 2025Article
- Impact of prenatal phthalate exposure on newborn metabolome and infant neurodevelopment.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Global metabolomic alterations associated with endocrine-disrupting chemicals among pregnant individuals and newborns.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Article
- Phthalates and epigenetics: An emerging public health concern.Current research in toxicology · 2025Review
- Gestational phthalate exposure and behavioral problems in preschool-aged children with increased likelihood of autism spectrum disorder.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitous in our modern environment because of their use in plastics and cosmetic products. Phthalate monoesters--primarily monoethylhexyl phthalate and monobutyl phthalate--are reproductive and developmental toxicants in animals. Accurate measures of phthalate exposure are needed to assess their human health effects. Phthalate monoesters have a biologic half-life of approximately 12 hr, and little is known about the temporal variability and daily reproducibility of urinary measures in humans. To explore these aspects, we measured seven phthalate monoesters and creatinine concentration in two consecutive first-morning urine specimens from 46 African-American women, ages 35-49 years, residing in the Washington, DC, area in 1996-1997. We measured phthalate monoesters using high-pressure liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry on a triple quadrupole instrument using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. We detected four phthalate monoesters in all subjects, with median levels of 31 ng/mL for monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP), 53 ng/mL for monobutyl phthalate (mBP), 211 ng/mL for monoethyl phthalate (mEP), and 7.3 ng/mL for monoethylhexyl phthalate (mEHP). These were similar to concentrations reported for other populations using spot urine specimens. Phthalate levels did not differ between the two sampling days. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the concentrations on the 2 days was 0.8 for mBP, 0.7 for mEHP, 0.6 for mEP, and 0.5 for mBzP. These results suggest that even with the short half-lives of phthalates, women's patterns of exposure may be sufficiently stable to assign an exposure level based on a single first morning void urine measurement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.