ArticleGenes & development2002
The Dlx5 and Dlx6 homeobox genes are essential for craniofacial, axial, and appendicular skeletal development.
Article in Genes & development, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 181 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
181 citing papers in PubMed, 417 citations in OpenAlex.
- Convergent Functional Genomic Evolution Underlying Repeated Freshwater Colonization in Cetaceans.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Article
- A NOTCH2 pathogenic variant alters the osteoblast and vascular cell transcriptome of mouse femurs.Bone · 2026Article
- CRISPR activation of DLX5 drives neural progenitors to the GnRH cell fate.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2026Article
- Evolution of limb and digit identity genes since the tetrapod ancestor.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Complications of Limb Salvage in Concordant Bilateral Fibular Hemimelia and Tetramelic Ectrodactyly: A Case Report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Epigenetic and Transcriptional Programs Define Osteosarcoma Subtypes and Establish Targetable Vulnerabilities.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- PRDM paralogs are required for Meckel's cartilage formation during mandibular bone development.Developmental biology · 2026Article
- DLX2 acts as a pioneer factor and drivesScience advances · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal Regulation and Lineage Specification in Embryonic Endochondral Ossification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- MicroRNA network regulation of developmental bone toxicity in a human embryonic stem cell osteogenic model.NAM journal · 2026Article
- Mapping disease critical spatially variable gene programs by integrating spatial transcriptomics with human genetics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Nf2-FAK signaling axis is critical for cranial bone ossification and regeneration.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Pleiotropic function of Dlx5/6 in the development of mammalian vocal and auditory organs.PloS one · 2025Article
- The key role of DLX6 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: metastasis, angiogenesis and tumor immune mechanism.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Bone development by Hedgehog and Wnt signaling, Runx2, and Sp7.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2025Review
- Systematic analysis identifies a connection between spatial and genomic variations of chromatin states.Cell systems · 2024Article
- Transcription factor roles in the local adaptation to temperature in the Andean Spiny Toad Rhinella spinulosa.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cell signaling and transcriptional regulation of osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis.Cell discovery · 2024Review
121 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dlx homeobox genes are mammalian homologs of the Drosophila Distal-less (Dll) gene. The Dlx/Dll gene family is of ancient origin and appears to play a role in appendage development in essentially all species in which it has been identified. In Drosophila, Dll is expressed in the distal portion of the developing appendages and is critical for the development of distal structures. In addition, human Dlx5 and Dlx6 homeobox genes have been identified as possible candidate genes for the autosomal dominant form of the split-hand/split-foot malformation (SHFM), a heterogeneous limb disorder characterized by missing central digits and claw-like distal extremities. Targeted inactivation of Dlx5 and Dlx6 genes in mice results in severe craniofacial, axial, and appendicular skeletal abnormalities, leading to perinatal lethality. For the first time, Dlx/Dll gene products are shown to be critical regulators of mammalian limb development, as combined loss-of-function mutations phenocopy SHFM. Furthermore, spatiotemporal-specific transgenic overexpression of Dlx5, in the apical ectodermal ridge of Dlx5/6 null mice can fully rescue Dlx/Dll function in limb outgrowth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.