ReviewDrugs2002
Mechanisms of fungal resistance: an overview.
Review in Drugs, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antifungal Agents in the 21st Century: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Fungal Sinusitis Spreading to the Sellar Region Mimicking a Pituitary Tumor: Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Emerging Human Health Problems Caused by Pathogenic and Immuno-activating Fungi.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2025Review
- Essential oils as promising treatments for treatingFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Isolation of coumarins with anti-Trichophyton rubrum activity from Heracleum vicinum Boiss.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Antifungal activity screening of fractions from Annona cherimola Mill. leaf extract against Fusarium oxysporum.Archives of microbiology · 2022Article
- Assessing the Fungal Simultaneous Removal Efficiency of Carbamazepine, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen in Aquatic Environment.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Sterol 14α-Demethylase Ligand-Binding Pocket-Mediated Acquired and Intrinsic Azole Resistance in Fungal Pathogens.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Virulence and biofilms as promising targets in developing antipathogenic drugs against candidiasis.Future science OA · 2020Review
- The Tetrazole VT-1161 Is a Potent Inhibitor of Trichophyton rubrum through Its Inhibition of T. rubrum CYP51.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Article
- Antifungal drug testing by combining minimal inhibitory concentration testing with target identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Nature protocols · 2017Article
- Antifungal effect of plant extract and essential oil.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2017Review
- Antimicrobial potential of 27 plants consumed by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus Blumenbach) in Ivory Coast.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2015Article
- Spotlight on tavaborole for the treatment of onychomycosis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2015Review
- Drug strategies targeting CYP51 in neglected tropical diseases.Chemical reviews · 2014Review
- Resistance to antifungals that target CYP51.Journal of chemical biology · 2014Review
- Structural basis for heterogeneous phenotype of ERG11 dependent Azole resistance in C.albicans clinical isolates.SpringerPlus · 2014Article
- Strategies and molecular tools to fight antimicrobial resistance: resistome, transcriptome, and antimicrobial peptides.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Review
- Chromosome 5 monosomy of Candida albicans controls susceptibility to various toxic agents, including major antifungals.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2013Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increased use of antifungal agents in recent years has resulted in the development of resistance to these drugs. The significant clinical implication of resistance has led to heightened interest in the study of antifungal resistance from different angles. In this article we discuss antifungal susceptibility testing, the mode of action of antifungals and mechanisms of resistance. Antifungals are grouped into five groups on the basis of their site of action: azoles, which inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol (the main fungal sterol); polyenes, which bind to fungal membrane sterol, resulting in the formation of aqueous pores through which essential cytoplasmic materials leak out; allylamines, which block ergosterol biosynthesis, leading to accumulation of squalene (which is toxic to the cells); candins (inhibitors of the fungal cell wall), which function by inhibiting the synthesis of beta 1,3-glucan (the major structural polymer of the cell wall); and flucytosine, which inhibits macromolecular synthesis. Different mechanisms contribute to the resistance of antifungal agents. These mechanisms include modification of ERG11 gene at the molecular level (gene mutation, conversion and overexpression), over expression of specific drug efflux pumps, alteration in sterol biosynthesis, and reduction in the intracellular concentration of target enzymes. Approaches to prevent and control the emergence of antifungal resistance include prudent use of antifungals, treatment with the appropriate antifungal and conducting surveillance studies to determine the frequency of resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.