ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2002
The mucosa of the small intestine: how clinically relevant as an organ of drug metabolism?
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes 2D6 and 3A4 on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous oxycodone: a randomized, three-phase, crossover, placebo-controlled study.Clinical drug investigation · 2011Trial
- Population pharmacokinetics of indinavir alone and in combination with ritonavir in HIV-1-infected patients.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2005Trial
- Review
- Integrating Human Intestinal Organoids into FDA's New Approach Methodologies for Drug Discovery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Development of Sheep Duodenum Intestinal Organoids and Implementation of High-Throughput Screening Platform for Veterinary Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Recent development of micro-nano carriers for oral antineoplastic drug delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Human intestinal organoid-derived PDGFRα + mesenchymal stroma enables proliferation and maintenance of LGR4 + epithelial stem cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Article
- Standardization and quality assessment for human intestinal organoids.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Acceleration of benzo(a)pyrene-induced colon carcinogenesis by Western diet in a rat model of colon cancer.Current research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Divergent responses of human intestinal organoid monolayers using commercial in vitro cytotoxicity assays.PloS one · 2024Article
- Seasonal and sex-specific changes in the gastrointestinal tracts ofJournal of mammalogy · 2023Article
- Cell Cultures at the Air-Liquid Interface and Their Application in Cancer Research.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Will the Use of Pharmacogenetics Improve Treatment Efficiency in COVID-19?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Quantifying the transport of biologics across intestinal barrier models in real-time by fluorescent imaging.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Machine Learning in Drug Metabolism Study.Current drug metabolism · 2022Article
- Determination of CYP450 Expression Levels in the Human Small Intestine by Mass Spectrometry-Based Targeted Proteomics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Lipopolysaccharide Nanosystems for the Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2021Review
- New Advances in the Research of Resistance to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Drug-Metabolizing Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Have Multifarious Influences on Treatment Outcomes.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2021Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is capable of metabolising drugs via phase I and II reactions. Increasingly, as a result of in vitro and in vivo (animal and human) data, the intestinal mucosa is being implicated as a major metabolic organ for some drugs. This has been supported by clinical studies of orally administered drugs (well-known examples include cyclosporin, midazolam, nifedipine and tacrolimus) where intestinal drug metabolism has significantly reduced oral bioavailability. This review discusses the intestinal properties and processes that contribute to drug metabolism. An understanding of the interplay between the processes controlling absorption, metabolism and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux from the intestinal mucosa into the intestinal lumen facilitates determination of the extent of the intestinal contribution to first-pass metabolism. The clinical relevance of intestinal metabolism, however, depends on the relative importance of the metabolic pathway involved, the therapeutic index of the drug and the inherent inter- and intra-individual variability. This variability can stem from genetic (metabolising enzyme polymorphisms) and/or non-genetic (including concomitant drug and food intake, route of administration) sources. An overwhelming proportion of clinically relevant drug interactions where the intestine has been implicated as a major contributor to first-pass metabolism involve drugs that undergo cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4-mediated biotransformation and are substrates for the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein. Much work is yet to be done in characterising the clinical impact of other enzyme systems on drug therapy. In order to achieve this, the first-pass contributions of the intestine and liver must be successfully decoupled.
Indexed as
Identifiers
11978143What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.