ArticleEndocrine pathology2001
Pathologic features and expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 in adrenocortical neoplasms.
Article in Endocrine pathology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adrenocortical Carcinoma With 2 Distinct Syndromes From Secretion of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 and Steroid Hormones.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and prognostic assessments of adrenocortical carcinomas by pathological features, immunohistochemical markers and reticular histochemistry staining.Diagnostic pathology · 2024Article
- Effect of Inactivation ofJournal of the Endocrine Society · 2022Article
- The Role of Biomarkers in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Review of Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- IGF2 role in adrenocortical carcinoma biology.Endocrine · 2019Article
- IGF and mTOR pathway expression and in vitro effects of linsitinib and mTOR inhibitors in adrenocortical cancer.Endocrine · 2019Article
- Immunohistochemical Biomarkers of Adrenal Cortical Neoplasms.Endocrine pathology · 2018Review
- Review
- Immunohistochemical distinction of metastases of renal cell carcinoma to the adrenal from primary adrenal nodules, including oncocytic tumor.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2015Article
- Functional ectopic adrenal carcinoma in a dog.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2014Article
- Adrenocortical carcinoma.Endocrine reviews · 2014Review
- Ectopic low-grade adrenocortical carcinoma in the spinal region: immunohistochemical and molecular cytogenetic study of a pediatric case.The American journal of surgical pathology · 2009Article
- Molecular pathology of adrenal cortical tumors: separating adenomas from carcinomas.Endocrine pathology · 2006Review
- Distinct transcriptional profiles of adrenocortical tumors uncovered by DNA microarray analysis.The American journal of pathology · 2003Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We analyzed a series of adrenocortical neoplasms to compare the clinicopathologic features and the expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) in adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas. IGF-2 is a growth factor commonly expressed in many tumors including adrenal cortical and medullary neoplasms. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 64 adrenocortical adenomas and 67 adrenocortical carcinomas were analyzed. The carcinomas were histologically graded from 1 to 4 based on mitotic activity and necrosis. Tumor weight, size, and follow-up information were obtained by chart review. Expression of IGF-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method and a monoclonal antibody against IGF-2. Adrenocortical carcinomas were larger (mean: 13.1 cm, 787 g) than adenomas (mean: 4.2 cm, 52 g) (p < 0.001). Inpatients with adrenocortical carcinomas, high tumor grade (3 or 4) (p = 0.01) was associated with decreased survival. Expression of IGF-2 was higher in adrenocortical carcinomas than in adenomas (p < 0.001). These results show that tumor size and weight along with expression of IGF-2 protein are useful features to assist in distinguishing between adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas, and that high tumor grade is a predictor of survival in adrenocortical carcinomas. However, single immunohistochemical markers such as IGF-2 or single histopathologic features cannot by themselves separate adrenocortical adenomas from carcinomas, and a combination of clinical, gross, and microscopic features are needed to establish the diagnosis in difficult cases.
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