ReviewJournal of endocrinological investigation2002
Action of thyroid hormone in brain.
Review in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 360 citations in OpenAlex.
- Levothyroxine effects on depressive symptoms and limbic glucose metabolism in bipolar disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled positron emission tomography study.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Trial
- Review
- Beyond Hormone Levels: Thyroid Hormone Signaling from Neurogenesis to Alzheimer's Disease.Cells · 2026Review
- Unraveling Predominantly Inattentive ADHD (ADHD-PI): Insights from Proteomic Analysis of the Striatum of Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Protein (THRSP)-Overexpressing Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Sex-modulated association between thyroid stimulating hormone and informant-perceived anxiety in non-depressed older adults: Prediction models and relevant cutoff value.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pharmacogenomic screening identifies and repurposes leucovorin and dyclonine as pro-oligodendrogenic compounds in brain repair.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Mild exercise plus levothyroxine ameliorate deficits of spatial navigation, anxiety profile, and hippocampal BDNF in hypothyroid male offspring rats.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Thyroid Hormone Biomonitoring: A Review on Their Metabolism and Machine-Learning Based Analysis on Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Review
- One Health: Circadian Medicine Benefits Both Non-human Animals and Humans Alike.Journal of biological rhythms · 2024Review
- Movement Disorder Perspectives on Monocarboxylate 8 Deficiency: A Case Series of 3 Colombian Patients with Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Evaluation System for Post-Metabolic Activity of Potential Thyroid-Disrupting Chemicals.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Potential Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Regulating Seasonal Reproduction in Animals: The Example of Males.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Congenital Hypothyroidism among Infants Undergoing Thyroid Function Test in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2022Article
- Developmental Hypothyroidism Influences the Development of the Entorhinal-Dentate Gyrus Pathway of Rat Offspring.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Article
- Low striatal T3 is implicated in inattention and memory impairment in an ADHD mouse model overexpressing thyroid hormone-responsive protein.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Congenital hypothyroidism impairs spine growth of dentate granule cells by downregulation of CaMKIV.Cell death discovery · 2021Article
- Changes in the Control of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Gonadal Axis Across Three Differentially Selected Strains of Laying Hens (Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Light and Hormones in Seasonal Regulation of Reproduction and Mood.Endocrinology · 2020Review
- A Pivotal Genetic Program Controlled by Thyroid Hormone during the Maturation of GABAergic Neurons.iScience · 2020Article
- Interactive Effects of Apolipoprotein E ε4 and Triiodothyronine on Memory Performance in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Among the most critical actions of thyroid hormone in man and other mammals are those exerted on brain development. Severe hypothyroidism during the neonatal period leads to structural alterations, including hypomyelination and defects of cell migration and differentiation, with long-lasting, irreversible effects on behavior and performance. A complex regulatory mechanism operates in brain involving regulation of the concentration of the active hormone, T3, and the control of gene expression. Most brain T3 is formed locally from its precursor, T4, by the action of type II deiodinase which is expressed in glial cells, tanycytes, and astrocytes. Type III deiodinase (DIII) is also involved in the regulation of T3 concentrations, especially during the embryonic and early post-natal periods. DIII is expressed in neurons and degrades T4 and T3 to inactive metabolites. The action of T3 is mediated through nuclear receptors, which are expressed mainly in neurons. The receptors are ligand-modulated transcription factors, and a number of genes have been identified as regulated by thyroid hormone in brain. The regulated genes encode proteins of myelin, mitochondria, neurotrophins and their receptors, cytoskeleton, transcription factors, splicing regulators, cell matrix proteins, adhesion molecules, and proteins involved in intracellular signaling pathways. The role of thyroid hormone is to accelerate changes of gene expression that take place during development. Surprisingly, null-mutant mice for the T3 receptors show almost no signs of central nervous system involvement, in contrast with the severe effects of hypothyroidism. The resolution of this paradox is essential to understand the role of thyroid hormone and its receptors in brain development and function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.