ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2002
Genotypic testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 314 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines are needed for studies of pre-treatment HIV drug resistance: a methodological study.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Pooled it
- Machine Learning Identifies Potential Accessory Resistance-Associated Mutations in HIV-1 Integrase.Research square · 2026Article
- Development and Characterization of Printlets of Lamivudine for Pediatric Patients Using Selective Laser Sintering.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- HIV-1 Integrase T218I/S Polymorphisms Do Not Reduce HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors' Phenotypic Susceptibility.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2025Article
- The Evolution of Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnosis Methods from the (pre-)CRISPR to CRISPR era and the Associated Machine/Deep Learning Approaches in Relevant RNA Design.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Affordable drug resistance genotyping of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase genes, for resource limited settings.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Article
- Revealing the Mutation Patterns of Drug-Resistant Reverse Transcriptase Variants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus through Proteochemometric Modeling.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Drug resistance mutations in protease gene of HIV-1 subtype C infected patient population.Virusdisease · 2021Article
- Combining Molecular Dynamic Information and an Aspherical-Atom Data Bank in the Evaluation of the Electrostatic Interaction Energy in Multimeric Protein-Ligand Complex: A Case Study for HIV-1 Protease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review
- Cost-effectiveness of a novel strategy of HIV/AIDS care in Armed Forces: A stochastic model with Monte Carlo simulation.Medical journal, Armed Forces India · 2020Article
- Crystal structure of the retroviral protease-like domain of a protozoal DNA damage-inducible 1 protein.FEBS open bio · 2018Article
- Antiretroviral resistance in HIV-1 patients at a tertiary medical institute in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study and analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Higher Frequency of HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Increased Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Mutations among the HIV-1 Positive Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve patients Coinfected WithInfectious diseases · 2018Article
- The Latent Reservoir for HIV-1: How Immunologic Memory and Clonal Expansion Contribute to HIV-1 Persistence.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Review
- Identification of HIV Mutation as Diagnostic Biomarker through Next Generation Sequencing.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2016Article
- Japanese external quality assessment program to standardize HIV-1 drug-resistance testing (JEQS2010 program) using in vitro transcribed RNA as reference material.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Article
- Article
- Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 2-amino-6-carbamoylpurine dioxolane nucleoside derivatives and their phosphoramidates prodrugs.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry · 2014Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There are 16 approved human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drugs belonging to three mechanistic classes: protease inhibitors, nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors, and nonnucleoside RT inhibitors. HIV-1 resistance to these drugs is caused by mutations in the protease and RT enzymes, the molecular targets of these drugs. Drug resistance mutations arise most often in treated individuals, resulting from selective drug pressure in the presence of incompletely suppressed virus replication. HIV-1 isolates with drug resistance mutations, however, may also be transmitted to newly infected individuals. Three expert panels have recommended that HIV-1 protease and RT susceptibility testing should be used to help select HIV drug therapy. Although genotypic testing is more complex than typical antimicrobial susceptibility tests, there is a rich literature supporting the prognostic value of HIV-1 protease and RT mutations. This review describes the genetic mechanisms of HIV-1 drug resistance and summarizes published data linking individual RT and protease mutations to in vitro and in vivo resistance to the currently available HIV drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.