ArticleThe EMBO journal2002
GAGA can mediate enhancer function in trans by linking two separate DNA molecules.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms and functional implications of long-range enhancer-dependent gene regulation.Nature genetics · 2026Review
- Current Challenges of Transcription Compartmentalization Research.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Looping specificity of Polycomb response elements requires GAF and a combination of looping factors that could form a code.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- 3D chromatin structures precede genome activation in Drosophila embryogenesis.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- GAGA zinc finger transcription factor searches chromatin by 1D-3D facilitated diffusion.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Nascent CUT&Tag captures transcription factor binding after chromatin duplication.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Vostok: A looping factor for the organization of the regulatory genome in the Drosophila brain.Molecular cell · 2025Article
- Interchromosomal contacts between regulatory regions trigger stable transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in Drosophila.Molecular cell · 2025Article
- Chromatin accessibility in the Drosophila embryo is determined by transcription factor pioneering and enhancer activation.Developmental cell · 2023Article
- Localization of the Drosophila pioneer factor GAF to subnuclear foci is driven by DNA binding and required to silence satellite repeat expression.Developmental cell · 2023Article
- Article
- GAGA-associated factor fosters loop formation in the Drosophila genome.Molecular cell · 2023Article
- Kinetic principles underlying pioneer function of GAGA transcription factor in live cells.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2022Article
- Enhancer-gene specificity in development and disease.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Review
- The control of transcriptional memory by stable mitotic bookmarking.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Genome organization controls transcriptional dynamics during development.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the MADS-Box Gene Family in American Beautyberry (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The chromatin, topological and regulatory properties of pluripotency-associated poised enhancers are conserved in vivo.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Orphan CpG islands amplify poised enhancer regulatory activity and determine target gene responsiveness.Nature genetics · 2021Article
- Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enhancers have been defined as cis-acting DNA sequences that stimulate transcription from a linked promoter in a distance- and orientation-independent manner. How enhancers activate gene transcription over vast chromosomal distances within metazoan genomes remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the transcription factor GAGA can stimulate transcription by linking an enhancer to its cognate promoter. Strikingly, in addition to facilitating activation by a remote enhancer in cis, GAGA can direct activation of a promoter by an enhancer located on a separate DNA molecule. Enhancer function in trans is critically dependent on POZ domain-mediated GAGA oligomerization, enabling GAGA to bind two DNA molecules simultaneously. Transcriptional activation by an enhancer functioning in trans was observed both in transfected cells and in reconstituted transcription reactions. We propose that GAGA facilitates long-range activation by providing a protein bridge that mediates enhancer-promoter communication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.