ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2002
Immunization with heterologous flaviviruses protective against fatal West Nile encephalitis.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Cellular Immune Response in Horses After West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Cross-protection against St. Louis encephalitis virus and Usutu virus by West Nile virus convalescent plasma.Virology · 2025Article
- Primary infection with Zika virus provides one-way heterologous protection against Spondweni virus infection in rhesus macaques.Science advances · 2023Article
- Assessing the risk of West Nile Virus seasonal outbreaks and its vector control in an urbanizing bird community: An integrative R0-modelling study in the city of Merida, Mexico.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Epidemiologic and environmental characterization of the Re-emergence of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus in California, 2015-2020.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Cross-Reactive Immunity among Five Medically Important Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses Related to Human Diseases.Viruses · 2022Review
- Domestic Dogs as Sentinels for West Nile Virus but not Aedes-borne Flaviviruses, Mexico.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Serological cross-reactivity among common flaviviruses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Review
- Japanese encephalitis virus live attenuated vaccine strains display altered immunogenicity, virulence and genetic diversity.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Article
- St. Louis Encephalitis Virus in the Southwestern United States: A Phylogeographic Case for a Multi-Variant Introduction Event.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Japanese encephalitis virus-primed CD8+ T cells prevent antibody-dependent enhancement of Zika virus pathogenesis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Article
- West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and "One Health" Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- The effects of Japanese encephalitis virus antibodies on Zika virus infection.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2020Article
- Impact of flavivirus vaccine-induced immunity on primary Zika virus antibody response in humans.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- A replication-defective Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine candidate with NS1 deletion confers dual protection against JEV and West Nile virus in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prior immunization of hamsters with three heterologous flaviviruses (Japanese encephalitis virus [JEV] SA14-2-8 vaccine, wild-type St. Louis encephalitis virus [SLEV], and Yellow fever virus [YFV] 17D vaccine) reduces the severity of subsequent West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Groups of adult hamsters were immunized with each of the heterologous flaviviruses; approximately 30 days later, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with a virulent New York strain of WNV. Subsequent levels of viremia, antibody response, and deaths were compared with those in nonimmune (control) hamsters. Immunity to JEV and SLEV was protective against clinical encephalitis and death after challenge with WNV. The antibody response in the sequentially infected hamsters also illustrates the difficulty in making a serologic diagnosis of WNV infection in animals (or humans) with preexisting Flavivirus immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.