ArticleJournal of virology2002
Variability in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 Env protein linked to phenotype-associated changes in the V3 loop.
Article in Journal of virology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evolution of Multiple Domains of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein during Coreceptor Switch with CCR5 Antagonist Therapy.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Trial
- Comprehensive sieve analysis of breakthrough HIV-1 sequences in the RV144 vaccine efficacy trial.PLoS computational biology · 2015Trial
- Emergence of CXCR4-using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants in a minority of HIV-1-infected patients following treatment with the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc is from a pretreatment CXCR4-using virus reservoir.Journal of virology · 2006Trial
- Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of CXCR4-using transmitted/founder HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Impact of Phylogenetic Method Choice on Indel Analyses in HIV-1 Subtype B.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Species-Specific Valid Ternary Interactions of HIV-1 Env-gp120, CD4, and CCR5 as Revealed by an Adaptive Single-Amino Acid Substitution at the V3 Loop Tip.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Genetic diversity of HIV in seminal plasma remains higher than in blood after short-term antiretroviral therapy.Sexually transmitted infections · 2020Article
- Few amino acid signatures distinguish HIV-1 subtype B pandemic and non-pandemic strains.PloS one · 2020Article
- HIV-1 Latency and Latency Reversal: Does Subtype Matter?Viruses · 2019Review
- Low levels of HIV-1 envelope-mediated fusion are associated with long-term survival of an infected CCR5-/- patient.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Molecular Signatures of HIV-1 Envelope Associated with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2018Review
- Validation of the HIV Tropism Test TROCAI Using the Virological Response to a Short-Term Maraviroc Monotherapy Exposure.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
- Recent Insights into the HIV/AIDS Pandemic.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2016Review
- Identification of dual-tropic HIV-1 using evolved neural networks.Bio Systems · 2015Article
- Tracking the Emergence of Host-Specific Simian Immunodeficiency Virus env and nef Populations Reveals nef Early Adaptation and Convergent Evolution in Brain of Naturally Progressing Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Structural analysis of a novel rabbit monoclonal antibody R53 targeting an epitope in HIV-1 gp120 C4 region critical for receptor and co-receptor binding.Emerging microbes & infections · 2015Article
- Frequency of coreceptor tropism in PBMC samples from HIV-1 recently infected blood donors by massively parallel sequencing: the REDS II study.Virology journal · 2015Article
- Chemokine co-receptor usage in HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve voluntary counselling and testing clients in Southern Taiwan.BMJ open · 2015Article
- Reliable genotypic tropism tests for the major HIV-1 subtypes.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are classified according to the chemokine receptor (coreceptor) used in conjunction with CD4 to target and enter cells: viruses using CCR5 and CXCR4 are classified as R5 and X4, respectively. The major determinant of entry-related HIV-1 phenotypes is known to reside in the third variable region of gp120 (V3). It is clear, however, that positions outside of V3 play some role in influencing phenotype, although marked context dependence and extensive variability among HIV-1 isolates have made the identification of these positions difficult. We used the presence of previously described substitutions in V3 to classify a large set of HIV-1 subtype B gp120 sequences available in public databases as X4-like or R5-like. Using these classifications, we searched for positions outside of V3 where either amino acid composition or variability differed significantly among sequences of different inferred phenotypes. Our approach took the epidemiological relationships among sequences into account. A cluster of positions linked to changes in V3 was identified between amino acids 190 and 204 of gp120, immediately C-terminal of V2; changes at position 440 in C4 were also linked to inferred phenotype. Structural data place these positions at the coreceptor-binding face of gp120 in a surface-exposed location. We also noted a significant increase in net positive charge in a highly variable region of V2. This study both confirms previous observations and predicts specific positions that contribute to a functional relationship between V3, V2, and C4.
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