ArticleJournal of virology2002
Outcome of simian-human immunodeficiency virus strain 89.6p challenge following vaccination of rhesus macaques with human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein.
Article in Journal of virology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- The grafting of universal T-helper epitopes enhances immunogenicity of HIV-1 Tat concurrently improving its safety profile.PloS one · 2014Article
- Novel biopanning strategy to identify epitopes associated with vaccine protection.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Article
- SIVsm Tat, Rev, and Nef1: functional characteristics of r-GV internalization on isotypes, cytokines, and intracellular degradation.BMC biotechnology · 2010Article
- Antigen-specific B cell detection reagents: use and quality control.Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology · 2008Review
- Article
- Protection against simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) 89.6P in macaques after coimmunization with SHIV antigen and IL-15 plasmid.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2007Article
- Preparation and characterization of innovative protein-coated poly(methylmethacrylate) core-shell nanoparticles for vaccine purposes.Pharmaceutical research · 2007Article
- Article
- AIDS vaccination studies with an ex vivo feline immunodeficiency virus model: analysis of the accessory ORF-A protein and DNA as protective immunogens.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Systemic immunization with an ALVAC-HIV-1/protein boost vaccine strategy protects rhesus macaques from CD4+ T-cell loss and reduces both systemic and mucosal simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIVKU2 RNA levels.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Reservoir cells no longer detectable after a heterologous SHIV challenge with the synthetic HIV-1 Tat Oyi vaccine.Retrovirology · 2006Article
- Vectored Gag and Env but not Tat show efficacy against simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P challenge in Mamu-A*01-negative rhesus monkeys.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Induction of neutralizing antibodies and Th1-polarized and CD4-independent CD8+ T-cell responses following delivery of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein by recombinant adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Sequence variation within the dominant amino terminus epitope affects antibody binding and neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Codon optimization of the tat antigen of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 generates strong immune responses in mice following genetic immunization.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Qualitative T-helper responses to multiple viral antigens correlate with vaccine-induced immunity to simian/human immunodeficiency virus infection.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Tat-neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated macaques.Journal of virology · 2003Article
- Prevention of disease induced by a partially heterologous AIDS virus in rhesus monkeys by using an adjuvanted multicomponent protein vaccine.Journal of virology · 2003Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The regulatory proteins Nef, Rev, and Tat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are attractive targets for vaccine development, since induction of effective immune responses targeting these early proteins may best control virus replication. Here we investigated whether vaccination with biologically active Tat or inactive Tat toxoid derived from HIV-1(IIIB) and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) strain 89.6p would induce protective immunity in rhesus macaques. Vaccination induced high titers of anti-Tat immunoglobulin G in all immunized animals by week 7, but titers were somewhat lower in the 89.6p Tat group. Dominant B-cell epitopes mapped to the amino terminus, the basic domain, and the carboxy-terminal region. Tat-specific T-helper responses were detected in 50% of immunized animals. T-cell epitopes appeared to map within amino acids (aa) 1 to 24 and aa 37 to 66. In addition, Tat-specific gamma interferon responses were detected in CD4+ and/or CD8+ T lymphocytes in 11 of 16 immunized animals on the day of challenge. However, all animals became infected upon intravenous challenge with 30 50% minimal infective doses of SHIV 89.6p, and there were no significant differences in viral loads or CD4+ T-cell counts between immunized and control animals. Thus, vaccination with HIV-1(IIIB) or SHIV 89.6p Tat or with Tat toxoid preparations failed to confer protection against SHIV 89.6p infection despite robust Tat-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in some animals. Given its apparent immunogenicity, Tat may be more effective as a component of a cocktail vaccine in combination with other regulatory and/or structural proteins of HIV-1.
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