ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2002
Effect of legislation on the use of bicycle helmets.
Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Bicycle helmet legislation for the uptake of helmet use and prevention of head injuries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2008Pooled it
- Effectiveness of bicycle helmet legislation to increase helmet use: a systematic review.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2006Pooled it
- Rural adolescent attitudes and use of bicycle helmets in Iowa.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Vehicle-related injuries in and around a medium sized Swedish City - bicyclist injuries caused the heaviest burden on the medical sector.Injury epidemiology · 2017Article
- Age and the risk of All-Terrain Vehicle-related injuries in children and adolescents: a cross sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2017Article
- Long-Term Effects of Education and Legislation Enforcement on All-Age Bicycle Helmet Use: A Longitudinal Study.Journal of community health · 2017Observational
- A descriptive study of bicycle helmet use in Montreal, 2011.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2013Article
- Bicycle helmet laws are associated with a lower fatality rate from bicycle-motor vehicle collisions.The Journal of pediatrics · 2013Article
- Helmet legislation and admissions to hospital for cycling related head injuries in Canadian provinces and territories: interrupted time series analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2013Article
- Trends in paediatric sport- and recreation-related injuries: An injury surveillance study at the British Columbia Children's Hospital (Vancouver, British Columbia) from 1992 to 2005.Paediatrics & child health · 2011Article
- Head first: bicycle-helmet use and our children's safety.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2007Review
- Audit of an intervention to decrease cycle related head injuries in primary school children.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2006Article
- Bicycle helmet prevalence two years after the introduction of mandatory use legislation for under 18 year olds in Alberta, Canada.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2006Article
- Economic disparity in bicycle helmet use by children six years after the introduction of legislation.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2006Article
- Factors associated with bicycle helmet use among young adolescents in a multinational sample.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2005Article
- Improving bicycle safety: The role of paediatricians and family physicians.Paediatrics & child health · 2004Article
- Helmet laws and cycle use.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2003Article
- Bias when using dead controls to study handgun purchase as a risk factor for violent death.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2003Article
- Risk compensation theory and voluntary helmet use by cyclists in Spain.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2003Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAbout 50 Canadian children and adolescents die each year from bicycle-related injuries, and 75% of all bicycle-related deaths are due to head injuries. Although the use of helmets can reduce the risk of head injury by 85%, the rate of voluntary helmet use continues to be low in many North American jurisdictions. We measured compliance before, during and after 1997, when legislation making the use of helmets mandatory for cyclists was enacted in Nova Scotia.
methodsIn the summers and autumns of 1995 through 1999, trained observers who had a direct view of oncoming bicycle traffic recorded helmet use, sex and age group of cyclists in Halifax on arterial, residential and recreational roads. Sampling was done during peak traffic times of sunny days. We abstracted data from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program database on bicycle-related injuries treated during the same period at the Emergency Department of the IWK Health Centre, Halifax.
resultsThe rate of helmet use rose dramatically after legislation was enacted, from 36% in 1995 and 38% in 1996, to 75% in 1997, 86% in 1998 and 84% in 1999. The proportion of injured cyclists with head injuries in 1998/99 was half that in 1995/96 (7/443 [1.6%] v. 15/416 [3.6%]) (p = 0.06). Police carried out regular education and enforcement. There were no helmet-promoting mass media education campaigns after 1997.
interpretationRates of helmet use rose rapidly following the introduction of legislation mandating the use of helmets while bicycling. The increased rates were sustained for 2 years afterward, with regular education and enforcement by police.
Indexed as
Identifiers
11898937PMC99400What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.