ArticleInfection and immunity2002
Immunogenicity of a 26-valent group A streptococcal vaccine.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 242 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Immunization with the M12-N, M12-C, and M12-N+C fusion peptides derived from the M12 protein elicited varying levels of protective immune responses against multiple serotypes of group AFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Thousand Faces of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections: Update on Epidemiology, Symptoms, and Therapy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis: An Updated Review.Current pediatric reviews · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- Group A Streptococcus Infections: Their Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Current Scope of Vaccines.Cureus · 2022Review
- Article
- A brief review on Group A Streptococcus pathogenesis and vaccine development.Royal Society open science · 2021Review
- Epidemiological consequences of enduring strain-specific immunity requiring repeated episodes of infection.PLoS computational biology · 2020Article
- Structure-based group A streptococcal vaccine design: Helical wheel homology predicts antibody cross-reactivity among streptococcal M protein-derived peptides.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- The Path to Group A Streptococcus Vaccines: World Health Organization Research and Development Technology Roadmap and Preferred Product Characteristics.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Recent Advances in the Development of Peptide Vaccines and Their Delivery Systems Against Group A Streptococcus.Vaccines · 2019Review
- Vaccine Approaches To Protect against Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis.Microbiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Development of an Opsonophagocytic Killing Assay Using HL-60 Cells for Detection of Functional Antibodies againstmSphere · 2018Article
- The Unexpected Impact of Vaccines on Secondary Bacterial Infections Following Influenza.Viral immunology · 2018Review
- Prediction of T-cell epitopes for designing a reverse vaccine against streptococcal bacteria.Molecular biology research communications · 2018Article
- Contribution of cryptic epitopes in designing a group A streptococcal vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
- PrevalentFrontiers in public health · 2018Article
- Immunogenicity and Safety of a Chemically Synthesized Divalent Group A Streptococcal Vaccine.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2018Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A multivalent vaccine containing amino-terminal M protein fragments from 26 different serotypes of group A streptococci was constructed by recombinant techniques. The vaccine consisted of four different recombinant proteins that were formulated with alum to contain 400 microg of protein per dose. Rabbits were immunized via the intramuscular route at 0, 4, and 16 weeks. Immune sera were assayed for the presence of type-specific antibodies against the individual recombinant M peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for opsonic antibodies by in vitro opsonization tests and indirect bactericidal tests. The 26-valent vaccine was highly immunogenic and elicited fourfold or greater increases in antibody levels against 25 of the 26 serotypes represented in the vaccine. The immune sera were broadly opsonic and were bactericidal against the majority of the 26 different serotypes. Importantly, none of the immune sera cross-reacted with human tissues. Our results indicate that type-specific, protective M protein epitopes can be incorporated into complex, multivalent vaccines designed to elicit broadly protective opsonic antibodies in the absence of tissue-cross-reactive antibodies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.