ArticleTobacco control2002
Cigarette acquisition and proof of age among US high school students who smoke.
Article in Tobacco control, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effect of mystery shopper reports on age verification for tobacco purchases.Journal of health communication · 2011Trial
- Geographical distribution and social determinants of Tobacco 21 policy adoption and retail inspections in the United States, 2015-2019.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
- Youth source of acquisition for E-Cigarettes.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- Sources of electronic cigarette acquisition among adolescents in Connecticut.Tobacco regulatory science · 2017Article
- The effect of preventive educational program in cigarette smoking: Extended Parallel Process Model.Journal of education and health promotion · 2015Article
- The role of family background on cigarette smoking among adolescent school children in Slovakia: findings from the 2007 Slovakia Global Youth Tobacco Survey.International journal of public health · 2010Article
- Tobacco point-of-sale advertising in Guatemala City, Guatemala and Buenos Aires, Argentina.Tobacco control · 2010Article
- Cracking Down On Youth Tobacco May Influence Drug Use.Journal of community psychology · 2010Article
- Cigarette smoking transition in females of low socioeconomic status: impact of state, school, and individual factors.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2006Article
- The effectiveness of tobacco sales ban to minors: the case of Finland.Tobacco control · 2004Article
- Youth tobacco access: adult attitudes, awareness, and perceived self-efficacy in two Arizona counties.Journal of community health · 2003Article
- Teen penalties for tobacco possession, use, and purchase: evidence and issues.Tobacco control · 2003Review
- Social exchange of cigarettes by youth.Tobacco control · 2003Article
- Epidemiology of tobacco use in the United States.Oncogene · 2002Review
- Sources of cigarettes among adolescent smokers: Free or purchased?American journal of health educationArticle
- Predictors of different cigarette access behaviours among occasional and regular smoking youth.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publiqueArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine how US high school students who are under 18 years of age and who smoke obtain their cigarettes and whether they are asked for proof of age. DESIGN AND
settingData from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 1995, 1997, and 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys which employed national probability samples of students in grades 9-12 (ages 14-18 years).
main outcome measuresAssociations of usual source of cigarettes and request for proof of age with variables such as sex, race/ethnicity, grade, and frequency of smoking.
resultsIn 1999, among current smokers under age 18 years, 23.5% (95% confidence interval (CI), -4.5% to +4.5%) usually purchased their cigarettes in a store; among these students, 69.6% (95% CI -5.7% to +5.7%) were not asked to show proof of age. As days of past month smoking increased, reliance on buying cigarettes in a store (p < 0.001) and giving someone else money to buy cigarettes (p < 0.001) increased, and usually borrowing cigarettes decreased (p < 0.001). From 1995 to 1999, relying on store purchases significantly decreased (from 38.7% (95% CI -4.6% to + 4.6%) to 23.5% (95% CI -4.5% to +4.5%)); usually giving someone else money to buy cigarettes significantly increased (from 15.8% (95% CI -3.6% to +3.6%) to 29.9% (95% CI -4.5% to + 4.5%)).
conclusionsStricter enforcement of tobacco access laws is needed to support other community and school efforts to reduce tobacco use among youth. Furthermore, effective interventions to reduce non-commercial sources of tobacco, including social, need to be developed and implemented.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.