ArticleJournal of neurosurgery2002
Apoptosis of T lymphocytes invading glioblastomas multiforme: a possible tumor defense mechanism.
Article in Journal of neurosurgery, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Imbalance Between Tumor Immunosurveillance and Tumor Immune Escape in Glioblastoma.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Immunosuppressive mechanisms and therapeutic interventions shaping glioblastoma immunity.Nature cancer · 2026Review
- Glioblastoma stem cell metabolism and immunity.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2024Review
- Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Effects of glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles on the functions of immune cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- The Evolution of Tumor Microenvironment in Gliomas and Its Implication for Target Therapy.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
- Challenges in glioblastoma immunotherapy: mechanisms of resistance and therapeutic approaches to overcome them.British journal of cancer · 2022Review
- The Interplay of Tumor Vessels and Immune Cells Affects Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Immunology Meets Bioengineering: Improving the Effectiveness of Glioblastoma Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2022Review
- Cancer cell heterogeneity & plasticity in glioblastoma and brain tumors.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Review
- Glioma cancer stem cells modulating the local tumor immune environment.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Tumor-associated microglia and macrophages in glioblastoma: From basic insights to therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Immunosuppression in Medulloblastoma: Insights into Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy.Current treatment options in oncology · 2021Review
- Overcoming TRAIL Resistance for Glioblastoma Treatment.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Anti-oncogenic activities exhibited by paracrine factors of MSCs can be mediated by modulation ofMolecular therapy oncolytics · 2021Article
- Investigation of Genetic Determinants of Glioma Immune Phenotype by Integrative Immunogenomic Scale Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Immunotherapy for Neuro-oncology.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
- Interactions Between Anti-Angiogenic Therapy and Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- The Landscape of Novel Therapeutics and Challenges in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Contemporary State and Future Directions.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Immune Escape in Glioblastoma Multiforme and the Adaptation of Immunotherapies for Treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectThe goal of this study was to investigate whether apoptosis occurs in T lymphocytes that invade Fas ligand (FasL)-expressing glioblastomas multiforme (GBMs) and if its induction could be mediated by Fas.
methodsApoptotic T lymphocytes were detected in GBMs by using detection of cell-type markers combined with active caspase-3 immunohistochemical analysis, a recently introduced apoptosis-specific in situ ligation assay, as well as by examining morphological criteria. Apoptotic T cells expressed Fas and were localized in the vicinity or in direct contact with FasL-expressing tumor cells. The T lymphocytes were undergoing apoptosis in spite of Bcl-2 expression. Expression of Bax was also detected in dying T cells, which can explain the absence of the protective effect of Bcl-2. because Bax inhibits Bcl-2 death-repressor activity.
conclusionsOn the basis of the data presented in this paper, the authors suggest that GBM cells that express FasL can induce apoptosis in invading immune cells. This phenomenon may play an important role in these tumors' maintenance of immune privilege and evasion of immune attacks. Awareness of this phenomenon should be helpful for the development of novel strategies for treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.