ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2002
Replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in macrophages is accompanied by phagosomal permeabilization and accumulation of vesicles containing polysaccharide in the cytoplasm.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 182 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
182 citing papers in PubMed, 311 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fungal Infections: Immunomodulation, Direct Antifungal Activity, and the Promise of the Secretome.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Phagosome maturation during fungal infection.Current opinion in microbiology · 2026Review
- A review of the current anti-New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- Use of a human immortalized microglia cell line to study recognition, phagocytosis, and intracellular survival ofmSphere · 2026Article
- Iturin A disruptsNpj fungal science · 2026Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans from an environmental perspective.Virulence · 2025Review
- A conserved enzymatic toolkit targeting host cell metabolism is associated with Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular survival in protozoal and mammalian phagocytic cells.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Relative Contribution of Pharmacokinetics and Immune Signatures to Clinical Outcomes in Patients With HIV-associated Cryptococcal Meningitis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The Hidden Fortress: A Comprehensive Review of Fungal Biofilms with Emphasis onJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Active Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan production prevents elimination of cryptococcal CNS infection in vivo.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Virulence factors released by extracellular vesicles fromFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Cryptococcal infection: host immunity, immune evasion and emerging immunotherapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Exposure of Cryptococcus neoformans to low nitrogen levels enhances virulence.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2024Article
- Metabolic homeostasis in fungal infections from the perspective of pathogens, immune cells, and whole-body systems.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Manipulation of host phagocytosis by fungal pathogens and therapeutic opportunities.Nature microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
122 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans (CN), an encapsulated, ubiquitous environmental yeast, is pathogenic for humans, primarily those with compromised immune function. CN is believed to be a facultative intracellular pathogen. Time-lapsed video microscopy revealed that yeast began to replicate and divide 2 hours after ingestion by J774.16 macrophage cells, with the average cell hosting 10-40 organisms of varying morphologies before ultimately lysing and releasing organisms, either singly or in clumps. Intracellular growth was accompanied by the accumulation of polysaccharide-filled vesicles in the macrophage. Studies with fluorescently labeled dextran revealed that the phagolysosomal compartment became leaky during the course of intracellular infection. Consistent with this observation, phagosomes containing CN had an increased pH relative to similar phagosomes containing inert magnetic beads, as indicated by a colorimetric change in the pH-sensitive Lysosensor dye. Immunocytochemistry revealed differences in the reactivity of polysaccharide elaborated by CN inside macrophages relative to that expressed in vitro. Taken together these results are suggestive of a novel mechanism of intracellular survival by an encapsulated organism, whereby ingestion is followed by damage to the phagosomal membrane resulting in continuity with the cytoplasm, accumulation of polysaccharide-containing vesicles, and possibly, production of a structurally different polysaccharide.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.