ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2002
Toll-like receptor 4 resides in the Golgi apparatus and colocalizes with internalized lipopolysaccharide in intestinal epithelial cells.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers.
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Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 410 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation Profile of SicilianPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Intestinal epithelial TLR5 signaling promotes barrier-supportive macrophages.Science immunology · 2026Article
- Gut-brain axis mechanisms of remote brain dysfunction after traumatic spinal cord injury: immune inflammation, the vagus nerve, and neuroendocrine pathways.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Mucosal Immunity: Lessons from the Lower Respiratory and Small Intestinal Epithelia.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Protective effect of low-dose lactulose in dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis model of rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Scavenger receptor B1 facilitates the endocytosis of Escherichia coli via TLR4 signaling in mammary gland infection.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- Know your neighbors: microbial recognition at the intestinal barrier and its implications for gut homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- miRNA effects on gut homeostasis: therapeutic implications for inflammatory bowel disease.Trends in immunology · 2022Review
- Intercrypt sentinel macrophages tune antibacterial NF-κB responses in gut epithelial cells via TNF.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Toll-like receptor 4 is a master regulator for colorectal cancer growth under high-fat diet by programming cancer metabolism.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- Cathelicidin-mediated lipopolysaccharide signaling via intracellular TLR4 in colonic epithelial cells evokes CXCL8 production.Gut microbes · 2020Article
- Transcriptome Functional Analysis of Mammary Gland of Cows in Heat Stress and Thermoneutral Condition.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Caspase-11 Non-canonical Inflammasomes in the Lung.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Keep calm: the intestinal barrier at the interface of peace and war.Cell death & disease · 2019Review
- Article
- Loss of CD14 leads to disturbed epithelial-B cell crosstalk and impairment of the intestinal barrier after E. coli Nissle monoassociation.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated priming of toll-like receptor 4 enhances oxidant-induced prostaglandin EInternational immunopharmacology · 2018Article
- Alpha-ketoglutarate suppresses the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathway and enhances the PXR-regulated detoxification pathway.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Intestinal lymphatic vasculature: structure, mechanisms and functions.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2017Review
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is mainly found on cells of the myelopoietic lineage. It recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mediates cellular activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Less is known about the distribution and role of TLR4 in epithelial cells that are continuously exposed to microbes and microbial products. Here we show that the murine small intestinal epithelial cell line m-IC(cl2) is highly responsive to LPS and expresses both CD14 and TLR4. Transcription and surface membrane staining for CD14 were up-regulated upon LPS exposure. Surprisingly, TLR4 immunostaining revealed a strictly cytoplasmic paranuclear distribution. This paranuclear compartment could be identified as the Golgi apparatus. LPS added to the supernatant was internalized by m-IC(cl2) cells and colocalized with TLR4. Continuous exposure to LPS led to a tolerant phenotype but did not alter TLR4 expression nor cellular distribution. Thus, intestinal epithelial cells might be able to provide the initial proinflammatory signal to attract professional immune cells to the side of infection. The cytoplasmic location of TLR4, which is identical to the final location of internalized LPS, further indicates an important role of cellular internalization and cytoplasmic traffic in the process of innate immune recognition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.