ArticleJournal of virology2002
Enhancing the proteolytic maturation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins.
Article in Journal of virology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances in HIV-1 envelope-based vaccine designs for guiding broadly neutralizing antibody response.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Heterologous combinations of VSV-GP and native-like trimers elicit autologous Tier 2 HIV antibodies in rabbits.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Immunofocusing on the conserved fusion peptide of HIV envelope glycoprotein in rhesus macaques.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Immunofocusing on the conserved fusion peptide of HIV envelope glycoprotein in rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A remarkable genetic shift in a transmitted/founder virus broadens antibody responses against HIV-1.eLife · 2024Article
- Triple tandem trimer immunogens for HIV-1 and influenza nucleic acid-based vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- New Insights into HIV Life Cycle, Th1/Th2 Shift during HIV Infection and Preferential Virus Infection of Th2 Cells: Implications of Early HIV Treatment Initiation and Care.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- mRNA lipid nanoparticles expressing cell-surface cleavage independent HIV Env trimers elicit autologous tier-2 neutralizing antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Assessing immunogenicity barriers of the HIV-1 envelope trimer.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- Potency and durability of T and B cell immune responses after homologous and heterologous vector delivery of a trimer-stabilized, membrane-displayed HIV-1 clade ConC Env protein.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Induction of cross-neutralizing antibodies by a permuted hepatitis C virus glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine candidate.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Endomembrane remodeling in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Cell insight · 2022Review
- The Path to Therapeutic Furin Inhibitors: From Yeast Pheromones to SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- mRNA-encoded HIV-1 Env trimer ferritin nanoparticles induce monoclonal antibodies that neutralize heterologous HIV-1 isolates in mice.Cell reports · 2022Article
- High thermostability improves neutralizing antibody responses induced by native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Distinct conformations of the HIV-1 V3 loop crown are targetable for broad neutralization.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Structure-guided envelope trimer design in HIV-1 vaccine development: a narrative review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Review
- Ability of nucleoside-modified mRNA to encode HIV-1 envelope trimer nanoparticles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2021Article
- Development of a RPLC-UV method for monitoring uncleaved HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications · 2021Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In virus-infected cells, the envelope glycoprotein (Env) precursor, gp160, of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is cleaved by cellular proteases into a fusion-competent gp120-gp41 heterodimer in which the two subunits are noncovalently associated. However, cleavage can be inefficient when recombinant Env is expressed at high levels, either as a full-length gp160 or as a soluble gp140 truncated immediately N-terminal to the transmembrane domain. We have explored several methods for obtaining fully cleaved Env for use as a vaccine antigen. We tested whether purified Env could be enzymatically digested with purified protease in vitro. Plasmin efficiently cleaved the Env precursor but also cut at a second site in gp120, most probably the V3 loop. In contrast, a soluble form of furin was specific for the gp120-gp41 cleavage site but cleaved inefficiently. Coexpression of Env with the full-length or soluble form of furin enhanced Env cleavage but also reduced Env expression. When the Env cleavage site (REKR) was mutated in order to see if its use by cellular proteases could be enhanced, several mutants were found to be processed more efficiently than the wild-type protein. The optimal cleavage site sequences were RRRRRR, RRRRKR, and RRRKKR. These mutations did not significantly alter the capacity of the Env protein to mediate fusion, so they have not radically perturbed Env structure. Furthermore, unlike that of wild-type Env, expression of the cleavage site mutants was not significantly reduced by furin coexpression. Coexpression of Env cleavage site mutants and furin is therefore a useful method for obtaining high-level expression of processed Env.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.