ArticleJournal of human hypertension2002
A simple method to estimate populational 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion using a casual urine specimen.
Article in Journal of human hypertension, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 396 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
396 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 709 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of three prediction formulas of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in Chinese residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Public health nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of a Hypertension Management Mobile App on Urinary Sodium Excretion in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Trial
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- Continuous high-soy protein soymilk intake affects ordinary walking speed in the Japanese pre-frail and frail elderly: a randomized controlled trial.BMC geriatrics · 2025Trial
- Yellow pea-based pasta's impacts on the salt intake, glycemic parameters and oxidative stress in healthy individuals: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
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- A randomized, double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the blood pressure lowing effect of low-sodium salt substitution on middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients with different plasma renin concentrations.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2022Trial
- Effects of a Japanese Cuisine-Based Antihypertensive Diet and Fish Oil on Blood Pressure and Its Variability in Participants with Untreated Normal High Blood Pressure or Stage I Hypertension: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Study.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2022Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Simple Salt Reduction Instructions by Physician for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Consuming Excessive Salt.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Efficacy of salt reduction for managing overactive bladder symptoms: a prospective study in patients with excessive daily salt intake.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Regional effect of population-based programs promoting salt reduction and potassium intake in Hokkaido: a post hoc analysis of the PoSPIP.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Joint Expert Consensus on the Sodium Reduction Policy in Taiwan: A Collaborative Declaration by the Taiwan Hypertension Society (THS), Taiwan Society of Cardiology (TSOC), International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), and Nutrition Society of Taiwan (NST).Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Validation of a new self-administered dietary salt intake questionnaire in patients with chronic kidney disease.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Association of gut microbiota with central blood pressure and pulse pressure amplification in community-dwelling Japanese adults: the Wakayama study.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Article
- Salt Intake and Kidney Outcomes in Older Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Stage-Specific Cohort Study.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- K-SALT Equation for Urinary Sodium Estimation in CKD.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Sodium-Containing Pharmaceutical Products as Contributors to Cardiovascular Risk.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Review
336 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In order to estimate the salt and potassium intake in a population and to compare their annual trends, we developed a simple method to estimate population mean levels of 24-h urinary sodium (24HUNaV) and potassium (24HUKV) excretion from spot urine specimens collected at any time. Using 591 Japanese data items from the INTERSALT study as a gold standard, we developed formulas to estimate 24-h urinary creatinine (24HUCrV), 24HUNaV and 24HUKV using both spot and 24-h urine collection samples. To examine the accuracy of the formulas, we applied these equations to 513 external manual workers. The obtained formulas were as follows: (1) PRCr (mg/day) = -2.04 x age + 14.89 x weight (kg) + 16.14 x height (cm) -2244.45; (2) estimated 24HUNaV (mEq/day) = 21.98 x XNa (0.392); (3) estimated 24HUKV (mEq/day) = 7.59 x XK(0.431); where PRCr = predicted value of 24HUCr, SUNa = Na concentration in the spot voiding urine, SUK = K concentration in the spot voiding urine, SUCr = creatinine concentration in the spot voiding urine, XNa (or XK) = SUNa (or SUK)/SUCr x PRCr. In the external group, there was a significant but small difference between the estimated and measured values in sodium (24.0 mmol/day) and potassium (3.8 mmol/day) excretion. In every quintile divided by the estimated 24HUNaV or 24HUKV, the measured values were parallel to the estimated values. In conclusion, although this method is not suitable for estimating individual Na and K excretion, these formulas are considered useful for estimating population mean levels of 24-h Na and K excretion, and are available for comparing different populations, as well as indicating annual trends of a particular population.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.