ArticleAnnals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc2002
Effects of menstrual cycle on cardiac autonomic innervation as assessed by heart rate variability.
Article in Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Agreement Between Heart Rate Variability - Derived vs. Ventilatory and Lactate Thresholds: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses.Sports medicine - open · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of olfactory stimulation from aromatherapy on the autonomic nervous activity during aerobic exercises.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Cardiovascular response to short-term fasting in menstrual phases in young women: an observational study.BMC women's health · 2015Trial
- Blood pressure and heart rate variability during yoga-based alternate nostril breathing practice and breath awareness.Medical science monitor basic research · 2014Trial
- Atrial fibrillation among women in endurance sports: sex-specific risk and mechanisms.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Review
- Using insertable cardiac monitors to test determinants of heart rate and activity in captive baboons.Animal biotelemetry · 2026Article
- Wearable-measured heart rate variability and premenstrual disorder symptoms across menstrual cycle.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Article
- Influence of menstrual cycle on autonomic nervous system, muscular strength and mood states.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- "Every Woman Has a Different Cycle and Feels Differently": A Qualitative Study of Athlete-Centred Perspectives on Menstrual Cycle Symptoms and Management in Female Endurance Sports.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Correlation between heart rate variability and estradiol, progesterone, and the estradiol/progesterone ratio across menstrual phases in healthy women.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Effect of estrogen and testosterone on cardiac electrophysiology and atrial fibrillation.Heart rhythm O2 · 2026Review
- Article
- Measuring and reducing surgical staff stress in a realistic operating room setting using EDA monitoring and smart hearing protection.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Hormonal Atrial Fibrillation: Pathophysiological Mechanisms That Trigger and Sustain the Arrhythmic Circuits.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The relationship of early life adversity and physiological synchrony within the therapeutic triad in horse-assisted therapy.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Sex Differences, Menses-Related Symptoms and Menopause in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025Article
- Effect of menstrual cycle phase on physiological responses in healthy women at rest and during submaximal exercise at high altitude.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Menstrual Cycle Variations in Wearable-Detected Finger Temperature and Heart Rate, But Not in Sleep Metrics, in Young and Midlife Individuals.Journal of biological rhythms · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of menstrual cycle on cardiac autonomic function parameters in young healthy women by means of heart rate variability (HRV).
methodsForty-three nonobese regularly cycling women (age 29 +/- 6, range 20-38) were enrolled. Recordings for HRV analysis were obtained during the two phases of the menstrual cycle when the estrogen and progesterone levels peaked (follicular phase 11 +/- 1 days and luteal phase 21 +/- 1 days from the start of bleeding). Power spectral analysis of HRV was performed to calculate the low frequency peak (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz), high frequency peak (HF, 0.15-0.40 Hz), LF in normalized unit (LF nU), HF in normalized unit (HF nU), and LF/HF ratio during the two phases of menstrual cycle.
resultsThe heart rates, LF and HF, were similar in both phases (P > 0.05). A significant increase was noted in the LF NU in the luteal phase compared to follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (P = 0.014), whereas a tendency for increased HF NU was observed in the follicular phase (P = 0.053). Furthermore, LF/HF ratio was significantly higher in the luteal phase compared to follicular phase (2.1 +/- 1.5 vs 1.6 +/- 0.9, P = 0.002), suggesting increased sympathetic activity in the luteal phase.
conclusionWe concluded that regulation of autonomic tone is modified during menstrual cycle. The alteration in the balance of ovarian hormones might be responsible for these changes in the cardiac autonomic innervation.
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Registered trials
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