ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2002
Spt5 cooperates with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat by preventing premature RNA release at terminator sequences.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phosphorylation of CDK9 at Ser175 enhances HIV transcription and is a marker of activated P-TEFb in CD4(+) T lymphocytes.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- Conserved protein Seb1 that interacts with RNA polymerase II and RNA is an antipausing transcription elongation factor.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- DSIF factor Spt5 coordinates transcription, maturation and exoribonucleolysis of RNA polymerase II transcripts.Nature communications · 2025Article
- NusG-Spt5 Transcription Factors: Universal, Dynamic Modulators of Gene Expression.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Review
- The HIV-1 Transcriptional Program: From Initiation to Elongation Control.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Review
- The cell biology of HIV-1 latency and rebound.Retrovirology · 2024Review
- The PNUTS-PP1 complex acts as an intrinsic barrier to herpesvirus KSHV gene expression and replication.Nature communications · 2022Article
- So Pathogenic or So What?-A Brief Overview of SIV Pathogenesis with an Emphasis on Cure Research.Viruses · 2022Review
- Review
- AP-1 and NF-κB synergize to transcriptionally activate latent HIV upon T-cell receptor activation.FEBS letters · 2021Article
- HIV-1 Proviral Transcription and Latency in the New Era.Viruses · 2020Review
- Article
- P-TEFb as A Promising Therapeutic Target.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Control of RNA Pol II Speed by PNUTS-PP1 and Spt5 Dephosphorylation Facilitates Termination by a "Sitting Duck Torpedo" Mechanism.Molecular cell · 2019Article
- Roles of CDKs in RNA polymerase II transcription of the HIV-1 genome.Transcription · 2019Review
- Widespread Backtracking by RNA Pol II Is a Major Effector of Gene Activation, 5' Pause Release, Termination, and Transcription Elongation Rate.Molecular cell · 2019Article
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7)-mediated phosphorylation of the CDK9 activation loop promotes P-TEFb assembly with Tat and proviral HIV reactivation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Targeting the Latent Reservoir for HIV-1.Immunity · 2018Review
- Relationships Between RNA Polymerase II Activity and Spt Elongation Factors to Spt- Phenotype and Growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2016Article
- The effects of cocaine on HIV transcription.Journal of neurovirology · 2016Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein activates transcription elongation by stimulating the Tat-activated kinase (TAK/p-TEFb), a protein kinase composed of CDK9 and its cyclin partner, cyclin T1. CDK9 is able to hyperphosphorylate the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase during elongation. In addition to TAK, the transcription elongation factor Spt5 is required for the efficient activation of transcriptional elongation by Tat. To study the role of Spt5 in HIV transcription in more detail, we have developed a three-stage Tat-dependent transcription assay that permits the isolation of active preinitiation complexes, early-stage elongation complexes, and Tat-activated elongation complexes. Spt5 is recruited in the transcription complex shortly after initiation. After recruitment of Tat during elongation through the transactivation response element RNA, CDK9 is activated and induces hyperphosphorylation of Spt5 in parallel to the hyperphosphorylation of the CTD of RNA polymerase II. However, immunodepletion experiments demonstrate that Spt5 is not required for Tat-dependent activation of the kinase. Chase experiments using the Spt5-depleted extracts demonstrate that Spt5 is not required for early elongation. However, Spt5 plays an important role in late elongation by preventing the premature dissociation of RNA from the transcription complex at terminator sequences and reducing the amount of polymerase pausing at arrest sites, including bent DNA sequences. This novel biochemical function of Spt5 is analogous to the function of NusG, an elongation factor found in Escherichia coli that enhances RNA polymerase stability on templates and shows sequence similarity to Spt5.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.