ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics2002
Score tests for association between traits and haplotypes when linkage phase is ambiguous.
Article in American journal of human genetics, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 805 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
805 citing papers in PubMed.
- Maternal and Offspring Fatty Acid Desaturase Variants, Prenatal DHA Supplementation, and Dietary n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health in Mexican Children.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Comprehensive assessment showed no associations of variants at the SLC10A1 locus with susceptibility to persistent HBV infection among Southern Chinese.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Differential gene regulatory network analysis reveals transcriptional disruption in opioid.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Genetic and immunological determinants of Pemphigus vulgaris: integrative analysis of HLA-DRB1 and FCGR2B variants.Immunogenetics · 2026Article
- Global analysis of bovine milk protein variants using multi-breed DNA sequence data.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Functional characterization of the GWAS lead SNP rs888663 and effects of GDF15 SNPs on GDF15 levels in gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- HLA allele profiling and association in Thai patients with confirmed beta-lactam hypersensitivity: an NGS-based analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Population-specific ABO haplotypes reveal distinct venous thromboembolism risk in East Asians: insights from a large-scale genetic study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- The complex interaction between oestrogen receptor genes, oestradiol, and perinatal mood.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Analysis of Estrogen Receptor Gene Methylation, Estradiol, and Depressive Symptoms During the Perinatal Period.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- FunctionalInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Effects of parental autoimmune diseases on type 1 diabetes in offspring can be partially explained by HLA and non-HLA polymorphisms.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- Clinical and Metabolic Signatures ofKidney international reports · 2025Article
- ADIPOQ polymorphisms and haplotypes affect circulating adiponectin levels and their association with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Distinct genetic signals at the FGF21 locus complicate studies of FGF21's role in diet regulation using human cohort data.Molecular metabolism · 2024Article
- HLA Diversity in Transylvanian Ethnic Groups: Consequences for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Oral Insulin Delay of Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes Revisited in HLA DR4-DQ8 Participants in the TrialNet Oral Insulin Prevention Trial (TN07).Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics and HLA associations of azithromycin-induced liver injury.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Genetic variants and mRNA expression levels ofJournal of biomedical research · 2024Article
- VEGF Polymorphisms (International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
745 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A key step toward the discovery of a gene related to a trait is the finding of an association between the trait and one or more haplotypes. Haplotype analyses can also provide critical information regarding the function of a gene; however, when unrelated subjects are sampled, haplotypes are often ambiguous because of unknown linkage phase of the measured sites along a chromosome. A popular method of accounting for this ambiguity in case-control studies uses a likelihood that depends on haplotype frequencies, so that the haplotype frequencies can be compared between the cases and controls; however, this traditional method is limited to a binary trait (case vs. control), and it does not provide a method of testing the statistical significance of specific haplotypes. To address these limitations, we developed new methods of testing the statistical association between haplotypes and a wide variety of traits, including binary, ordinal, and quantitative traits. Our methods allow adjustment for nongenetic covariates, which may be critical when analyzing genetically complex traits. Furthermore, our methods provide several different global tests for association, as well as haplotype-specific tests, which give a meaningful advantage in attempts to understand the roles of many different haplotypes. The statistics can be computed rapidly, making it feasible to evaluate the associations between many haplotypes and a trait. To illustrate the use of our new methods, they are applied to a study of the association of haplotypes (composed of genes from the human-leukocyte-antigen complex) with humoral immune response to measles vaccination. Limited simulations are also presented to demonstrate the validity of our methods, as well as to provide guidelines on how our methods could be used.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.