ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2002
Modulation of release of proinflammatory bacterial compounds by antibacterials: potential impact on course of inflammation and outcome in sepsis and meningitis.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 237 citations in OpenAlex.
- The potential impact of clindamycin on neurosurgery patients: a randomized controlled trial.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Non-lytic antibiotic treatment in community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia does not attenuate inflammation: the PRISTINE trial.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2019Trial
- Comparative effects of ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime on cytokine production in patients with severe sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2004Trial
- Inhalable bacteriophage endolysins: a novel therapeutic strategy for drug-resistant bacterial pulmonary infections - a comprehensive review.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Multifunctional Polyphenol-Polymer Nanocomposite Hydrogel Targeting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Infection in Diabetic Wounds.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Phage endolysins as alternative antimicrobials: mechanisms, clinical progress, and emerging resistance frameworks.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Phage and Endolysin Therapy Against Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria: From Bench to Bedside.MedComm · 2025Review
- A comparative guide to expression systems for phage lysin production.Essays in biochemistry · 2024Review
- An Exploratory Review of the Potential of Lytic Proteins and Bacteriophages for the Treatment of Tuberculosis.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Combining antibiotic with anti-TLR2/TLR13 therapy prevents brain pathology in pneumococcal meningitis.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Overcoming Microbiome-Acquired Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Endolysins: a new antimicrobial agent against antimicrobial resistance. Strategies and opportunities in overcoming the challenges of endolysins against Gram-negative bacteria.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Bacteriophages and their derived enzymes as promising alternatives for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections.Archives of virology · 2023Review
- A Critical Review of the Neuropharmacological Effects of Kratom: An Insight from the Functional Array of Identified Natural Compounds.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effectors of the Type VI Secretion System Have the Potential to Be Modified into Antimicrobial Peptides.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Therapeutic potential of bacteriophage endolysins for infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Review
- A comprehensive review of the applications of bacteriophage-derived endolysins for foodborne bacterial pathogens and food safety: recent advances, challenges, and future perspective.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- A Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Derived from Bony Fish IFN1 Exerts Potent Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Mammals.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Intracerebral Infection withJournal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2022Article
- Heparin-based blood purification attenuates organ injury in baboons withAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2021Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several bacterial components (endotoxin, teichoic and lipoteichoic acids, peptidoglycan, DNA, and others) can induce or enhance inflammation and may be directly toxic for eukaryotic cells. Bactericidal antibiotics which inhibit bacterial protein synthesis release smaller quantities of proinflammatory/toxic bacterial compounds than B-lactams and other cell wall-active drugs. Among the B-lactams, compounds binding to penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP-2) release smaller amounts of bacterial substances than antibacterials inhibiting PBP-3. Generally, high antibiotic concentrations (more than 10 times the MIC) induce the release of fewer bacterial proinflammatory/toxic compounds than concentrations close to the MIC. In several in vitro and in vivo systems, bacteria treated with protein synthesis inhibitors or B-lactams inhibiting PBP-2 induce less inflammation than bacteria treated with PBP-3-active B-lactams. In mouse models of Escherichia coli peritonitis sepsis and of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis, lower release of proinflammatory bacterial compounds was associated with reduced mortality. In conclusion, sufficient evidence for the validity of the concept of modulating the release of proinflammatory bacterial compounds by antibacterials has been accumulated in vitro and in animal experiments to justify clinical trials in sepsis and meningitis. A properly conducted study addressing the potential benefit of bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors versus B-lactam antibiotics will require both strict selection and inclusion of a large number of patients. The benefit of this approach should be greatest in patients with a high bacterial load.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.