ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2001
The predicted antigenicity of the haemagglutinin of the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic suggests an avian origin.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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60 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Quantifying the impact of vaccination on transmission and diversity of influenza A variants in pigs.Journal of virology · 2024Article
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- Sequential vaccinations with divergent H1N1 influenza virus strains induce multi-H1 clade neutralizing antibodies in swine.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Forecasting influenza hemagglutinin mutations through the lens of anomaly detection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Structural insights into the broad protection against H1 influenza viruses by a computationally optimized hemagglutinin vaccine.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Vaccination decreases the risk of influenza A virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs.eLife · 2022Article
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- Genetic and antigenic evolution of H1 swine influenza A viruses isolated in Belgium and the Netherlands from 2014 through 2019.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Human Infection with Eurasian Avian-Like Swine Influenza A(H1N1) Virus, the Netherlands, September 2019.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
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- Detection of H1 Swine Influenza A Virus Antibodies in Human Serum Samples by Age GroupEmerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
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- Influenza Classification Suite: An automated Galaxy workflow for rapid influenza sequence analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Article
- Antigenic Site Variation in the Hemagglutinin of Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses between 2009-2017 in Ukraine.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
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Abstract
In 1982 we characterized the antigenic sites of the haemagglutinin of influenza A/PR/8/34, which is an influenza strain of the H1 subtype that was isolated from humans in 1934, by studying mutants which escaped neutralization by antibody. Four antigenic sites, namely Cb, Sa, Sb and Ca, were found to be located near the tip of the trimeric haemagglutinin spike. Based on the sequence of the haemagglutinin of the 1918 Spanish influenza, we can now specify the extent of divergence of antigenic sites of the haemagglutinin during the antigenic drift of the virus between 1918 and 1934. This divergence was much more extensive (40%) than the divergence (20%) in predicted antigenic sites between the 1918 Spanish influenza and an avian H1 subtype consensus sequence. These results support the hypothesis that the human 1918 pandemic originated from an avian virus of the H1 subtype that crossed the species barrier from birds to humans and adapted to humans, presumably by mutation and/or reassortment, shortly before 1918.
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