ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2002
A single Hox3 gene with composite bicoid and zerknullt expression characteristics in non-Cyclorrhaphan flies.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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60 citing papers in PubMed, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Evolutionary Change in Gut Specification inJournal of developmental biology · 2023Review
- Twenty-seven ZAD-ZNF genes of Drosophila melanogaster are orthologous to the embryo polarity determining mosquito gene cucoid.PloS one · 2023Article
- Extraembryonic tissue in chelicerates: a review and outlook.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Review
- The GATA factor ELT-3 specifies endoderm in Caenorhabditis angaria in an ancestral gene network.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
- Evolution and loss of ß-catenin and TCF-dependent axis specification in insects.Current opinion in insect science · 2022Review
- Suboptimal Intermediates Underlie Evolution of the Bicoid Homeodomain.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
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- Evolution of maternal and zygotic mRNA complements in the early Drosophila embryo.PLoS genetics · 2018Article
- Phylogenetic and mutational analyses of human LEUTX, a homeobox gene implicated in embryogenesis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Ancient mechanisms for the evolution of the bicoid homeodomain's function in fly development.eLife · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The members of the evolutionarily conserved Hox-gene complex, termed Hox genes, are required for specifying segmental identity during embryogenesis in various animal phyla. The Hox3 genes of winged insects have lost this ancestral function and are required for the development of extraembryonic epithelia, which do not contribute to any larval structure. Higher flies (Cyclorrhapha) such as Drosophila melanogaster contain Hox3 genes of two types, the zerknüllt type and the bicoid type. The zerknüllt gene is expressed zygotically on the dorsal side of the embryo and is required for establishing extraembryonic tissue. Its sister gene bicoid is expressed maternally and the transcripts are localized at the anterior pole of the mature egg. BICOID protein, which emerges from this localized source during early development, is required for embryonic patterning. All known direct bicoid homologues are confined to Cyclorrhaphan flies. Here, we describe Hox3 genes of the non-Cyclorrhaphan flies Empis livida (Empididae), Haematopota pluvialis (Tabanidae), and Clogmia albipunctata (Psychodidae). The gene sequences are more similar to zerknüllt homologues than to bicoid homologues, but they share expression characteristics of both genes. We propose that an ancestral Hox3 gene had been duplicated in the stem lineage of Cyclorrhaphan flies. During evolution, one of the gene copies lost maternal expression and evolved as zerknüllt, whereas the second copy lost zygotic expression and evolved as bicoid. Our finding correlates well with a partial reduction of zerknüllt-dependent extraembryonic tissue during Dipteran evolution.
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