ArticleJournal of virology2002
Tumor necrosis factor alpha exerts powerful anti-influenza virus effects in lung epithelial cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 273 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
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- Single dose vaccination of the ASO3-adjuvanted A(H1N1)pdm09 monovalent vaccine in health care workers elicits homologous and cross-reactive cellular and humoral responses to H1N1 strains.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Trial
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- Endogenous Expression of an RNA-Hydrolyzing Minibody Enhances the Therapeutic Effects Against Influenza a Virus Compared to Therapeutically Intranasal Administration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A functional genomics-pharmacotranscriptomics framework identifies host-directed anti-influenza agents.iScience · 2026Article
- In Vitro Effects of the Three Actives IL-12 (5 CH), IFN-γ (6 CH), and TNF-α (5 CH) from the Micro-Immunotherapy Medicine 2LEID-NCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- The adult nasal mucosa is defined by distinct immune profiles that modulate in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- α-Galactosylceramide-expanded virtual memory CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Let-7f-5p Inhibits PRRSV Replication by Regulating Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming in Infected Cells.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Computationally designed haemagglutinin with nanocage plug-and-display elicits pan-H5 influenza vaccine responses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Host cell and viral protease targets of human SERPINs identified by in silico docking.The EMBO journal · 2025Article
- Diet composition affects bat viral shedding with potential consequences for pathogen spillover.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Assessment ofMolecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- The immune receptors TLR4 and SLAMF1 regulate TNF release by human metapneumovirus in human macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Differential modulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by complement factor H and properdin.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Integration of nanobiosensors into organ-on-chip systems for monitoring viral infections.Nano convergence · 2024Review
- Novel Dairy Fermentates Have Differential Effects on Key Immune Responses Associated with Viral Immunity and Inflammation in Dendritic Cells.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- The inflammatory microenvironment of the lung at the time of infection governs innate control of SARS-CoV-2 replication.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies have associated influenza virus-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), with influenza pathogenesis in the human respiratory tract and have suggested that alpha and beta interferons are the first cytokines recruited to counteract such infection. However, we report here that TNF-alpha has powerful anti-influenza virus activity. When infected with influenza virus, cultured porcine lung epithelial cells expressed TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of TNF-alpha was induced only by replicating virus. TNF-alpha showed strong antiviral activity against avian, swine, and human influenza viruses, and the antiviral effect of TNF-alpha was greater than that of gamma or alpha interferon. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha serves as the first line of defense against influenza virus infection in the natural host.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.