ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2002
Molecular basis of evolutionary loss of the alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase gene in higher primates.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Arming Inactivated Enveloped Virus Vaccines with theVaccines · 2026Review
- Mutations Inactivating Biosynthesis of Dispensable Carbohydrate-Antigens Prevented Extinctions in Primate/Human Lineage Evolution.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Review
- Long-term efficacy of encapsulated xenogeneic islet transplantation: Impact of encapsulation techniques and donor genetic traits.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Article
- Review
- Innovative Metrics for Reporting and Comparing the Glycan Structural Profile in Biotherapeutics.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- In situ structure and dynamics of an alphacoronavirus spike protein by cryo-ET and cryo-EM.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Current and Future Strategies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Alpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS).Journal of asthma and allergy · 2022Review
- Microbial lectome versus host glycolipidome: How pathogens exploit glycosphingolipids to invade, dupe or kill.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Increasing Efficacy of Enveloped Whole-Virus Vaccines by In situ Immune-Complexing with the Natural Anti-Gal Antibody.Medical research archives · 2021Article
- The human natural anti-αGal antibody targets common pathogens by broad-spectrum polyreactivity.Immunology · 2021Article
- Biosynthesis of α-Gal Epitopes (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R) and Their Unique Potential in Future α-Gal Therapies.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Host Synthesized Carbohydrate Antigens on Viral Glycoproteins as "Achilles' Heel" of Viruses Contributing to Anti-Viral Immune Protection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Human Natural Antibodies to Mammalian Carbohydrate Antigens as Unsung Heroes Protecting against Past, Present, and Future Viral Infections.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- A New Humanized Mouse Model Mimics Humans in Lacking α-Gal Epitopes and Secreting Anti-Gal Antibodies.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- The History of Carbohydrates in Type I Allergy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Effect of membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins on tumor cell sensitivity to complement-dependent cytolysis triggered by heterologous expression of the α-gal xenoantigen.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- Characteristics of α-Gal epitope, anti-Gal antibody, α1,3 galactosyltransferase and its clinical exploitation (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2016Review
- Use of genetically-engineered pig donors in islet transplantation.World journal of transplantation · 2015Review
- Significance of the evolutionary α1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) gene inactivation in preventing extinction of apes and old world monkeys.Journal of molecular evolution · 2015Review
- Carbohydrates as allergens.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Galactose-alpha1,3-galactose (alphaGal) epitopes, the synthesis of which requires the enzyme product of alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GT), are sugar chains on the cell surface of most mammalian species. Notable exceptions are higher primates including Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. The alphaGal-negative species as well as mice with deletion of the alpha1,3GT gene produce abundant anti-alphaGal antibodies. The evolutionary loss of alphaGal epitopes has been attributed to point mutations in the coding region of the gene. Because no transcripts could be found in the higher primate species with Northern blot analysis, a potential alternative explanation has been loss of upstream regulation of the gene. Here, we have demonstrated that the rhesus promoter is functional. More importantly, a variety of full-length transcripts were detected with sensitive PCR-based methods in the tissues of rhesus monkeys, orangutans, and humans. Five crucial mutations were delineated in the coding region of the human and rhesus and three in the orangutan, any one of which could be responsible for inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene. Two of the mutations were shared by all three higher primates. These findings, which elucidate the molecular basis for the evolutionary loss of alphaGal expression, may have implications in medical research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.