ArticleInfection and immunity2002
Deficient humoral responses underlie susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii in CD4-deficient mice.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- The live attenuatedResearch square · 2026Article
- Lymphotoxin beta receptorInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Toxoplasma gondii and the Brain: Frenemies? Or Just Outright Foes?Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Review
- Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Genetic mapping reveals Nfkbid as a central regulator of humoral immunity to Toxoplasma gondii.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- The pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2021Article
- Role of T cells during the cerebral infection with Trypanosoma brucei.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Key Limitations and New Insights Into theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Vaccines for Perinatal and Congenital Infections-How Close Are We?Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Review
- A latent ability to persist: differentiation in Toxoplasma gondii.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2018Review
- Immunization with plasmid DNA expressing Heat Shock Protein 40 confers prophylactic protection against chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection in Kunming mice.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2018Article
- Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Vaccines Encoding Granule Antigen 2 and 5 Against Acute Toxoplasmosis in BALB/c Mice.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Article
- Protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice induced by single-dose immunization with rSAG1/2 protein released from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2017Article
- RecombinantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- Induction of Protective Immunity againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- The effect of chitosan nanospheres on the immunogenicity of Toxoplasma lysate vaccine in mice.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2016Article
- Immunity in the spleen and blood of mice immunized with irradiated Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2016Article
- Evaluation of protective efficacy induced by virus-like particles containing a Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory (ES) protein in mice.Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- Article
- Evaluation of Immunoprotection Conferred by the Subunit Vaccines of GRA2 and GRA5 against Acute Toxoplasmosis in BALB/c Mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Resistance to infection with Toxoplasma gondii was studied in mice lacking CD4 expression. Such mice developed more brain cysts and survived for a shorter time than did wild-type controls after peroral infection with ME49 cysts. After immunization with the ts-4 strain of T. gondii, CD4-deficient mice exhibited impaired resistance to a challenge infection with virulent RH tachyzoites. Thus, deficient CD4 expression increases the susceptibility of mice to a primary peroral T. gondii infection with cysts and impairs their ability to be successfully vaccinated. CD8(+) T cells from blood or spleens of Toxoplasma-infected, CD4-deficient mice expressed markers of activation at frequencies similar to those of infected wild-type mice. Production of IFN-gamma in vitro was moderately depressed, and levels of Toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin G2a in serum were substantially lower than in wild-type mice. Administration of Toxoplasma-immune serum to ts-4-vaccinated CD4-deficient mice significantly improved their resistance to RH challenge. Also, the survival of CD4-deficient mice chronically infected with ME49 was significantly prolonged by administration of immune serum. These results demonstrate that in addition to CD8(+) T cells and IFN-gamma, which are known to be critical for resistance, CD4(+) cells also contribute significantly to protection against chronic T. gondii infections and against challenge infections with highly virulent tachyzoites in immunized mice via their role as helper cells for production of isotype-switched antibodies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.