ArticleJournal of virology2002
Requirement of multiple cis-acting elements in the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early distal enhancer for viral gene expression and replication.
Article in Journal of virology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lytic or Latent Phase in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection: An Epigenetic Trigger.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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- Cytomegalovirus in Haematological Tumours.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Regulation of the MIE Locus During HCMV Latency and Reactivation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Gene Therapy for Osteoarthritis: Pharmacokinetics of Intra-Articular Self-Complementary Adeno-Associated Virus Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Delivery in an Equine Model.Human gene therapy. Clinical development · 2018Article
- The 5' Untranslated Region of the Major Immediate Early mRNA Is Necessary for Efficient Human Cytomegalovirus Replication.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- High-throughput screening of a GlaxoSmithKline protein kinase inhibitor set identifies an inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus replication that prevents CREB and histone H3 post-translational modification.The Journal of general virology · 2017Article
- Human Cytomegalovirus IE2 86 kDa Protein Induces STING Degradation and Inhibits cGAMP-Mediated IFN-β Induction.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Multiple Transcripts Encode Full-Length Human Cytomegalovirus IE1 and IE2 Proteins during Lytic Infection.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Differentiation-Coupled Induction of Human Cytomegalovirus Replication by Union of the Major Enhancer Retinoic Acid, Cyclic AMP, and NF-κB Response Elements.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- The human cytomegalovirus UL133-138 gene locus attenuates the lytic viral cycle in fibroblasts.PloS one · 2015Article
- Early inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus: state-of-art and therapeutic perspectives.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2011Review
- The human cytomegalovirus gene products essential for late viral gene expression assemble into prereplication complexes before viral DNA replication.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- The human cytomegalovirus gene UL79 is required for the accumulation of late viral transcripts.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- The activator protein 1 binding motifs within the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early enhancer are functionally redundant and act in a cooperative manner with the NF-{kappa}B sites during acute infection.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- Phorbol ester-induced human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early (MIE) enhancer activation through PKC-delta, CREB, and NF-kappaB desilences MIE gene expression in quiescently infected human pluripotent NTera2 cells.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- The human cytomegalovirus UL76 gene regulates the level of expression of the UL77 gene.PloS one · 2010Article
- Article
- Breaking human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early gene silence by vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of the protein kinase A-CREB-TORC2 signaling cascade in human pluripotent embryonal NTera2 cells.Journal of virology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have shown previously that the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate-early (MIE) distal enhancer is needed for MIE promoter-dependent transcription and viral replication at low multiplicities of infection (MOI). To understand how this region works, we constructed and analyzed a series of HCMVs with various distal enhancer mutations. We show that the distal enhancer is composed of at least two parts that function independently to coordinately activate MIE promoter-dependent transcription and viral replication. One such part is contained in a 47-bp segment that has consensus binding sites for CREB/ATF, SP1, and YY1. At low MOI, these working parts likely function in cis to directly activate MIE gene expression, thus allowing viral replication to ensue. Three findings support the view that these working parts are likely cis-acting elements. (i) Deletion of either part of a bisegmented distal enhancer only slightly alters MIE gene transcription and viral replication. (ii) Reversing the distal enhancer's orientation largely preserves MIE gene transcription and viral replication. (iii) Placement of stop codons at -300 or -345 in all reading frames does not impair MIE gene transcription and viral replication. Lastly, we show that these working parts are dispensable at high MOI, partly because of compensatory stimulation of MIE promoter activity and viral replication that is induced by a virion-associated component(s) present at a high viral particle/cell ratio. We conclude that the distal enhancer is a complex multicomponent cis-acting region that is required to augment both MIE promoter-dependent transcription and HCMV replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.