Evidence map›Paper›PMID 11735659›Full record

ReviewDrug safety2001

Benefits and risks of self medication.

C M Hughes, J C McElnay, G F Fleming

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Drug safety, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07273214 (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Third Trimester Pregnant Mothers Towards Self-Medication in Assiut, Egypt), which is not on this map. Cited by 211 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
211citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07273214 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Third Trimester Pregnant Mothers Towards Self-Medication in Assiut, Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

TypeobservationalSponsorAssiut UniversityRan2026 to 2027Enrolled420ConditionsThird TrimeserArmsStructured Questionnaire on Self-Medication During Pregnancy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

211 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Determinants of Self-Medication in Immigrants: A Systematic Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2025
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151 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

C M HughesSchool of Pharmacy, The Queen s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
J C McElnay
G F Fleming

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Self medication is becoming an increasingly important area within healthcare. It moves patients towards greater independence in making decisions about management of minor illnesses, thereby promoting empowerment. Self medication also has advantages for healthcare systems as it facilitates better use of clinical skills, increases access to medication and may contribute to reducing prescribed drug costs associated with publicly funded health programmes. However, self medication is associated with risks such as misdiagnosis, use of excessive drug dosage, prolonged duration of use, drug interactions and polypharmacy. The latter may be particularly problematic in the elderly. Monitoring systems, a partnership between patients, physicians and pharmacists and the provision of education and information to all concerned on safe self medication, are proposed strategies for maximising benefit and minimising risk.

Indexed as

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsDrug TherapyHumansRisk AssessmentSelf Medication

Identifiers

PMID11735659

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.