ArticleDrug safety2001
Risk-benefit assessment of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Drug safety, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- False-positive test results in diagnosing allergy to glatiramer acetate: Case report and a systematic literature review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2020Pooled it
- A narrative review on the safety of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis: focus on Europe.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2025Review
- Immediate reactions with glatiramer acetate: Diagnosis of allergy and desensitization protocols.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2020Review
- The Evolving Mechanisms of Action of Glatiramer Acetate.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2019Review
- Glatiramer acetate persists at the injection site and draining lymph nodes via electrostatically-induced aggregation.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2019Article
- Emerging small-molecule treatments for multiple sclerosis: focus on B cells.F1000Research · 2019Review
- Enduring Clinical Value of Copaxone® (Glatiramer Acetate) in Multiple Sclerosis after 20 Years of Use.Multiple sclerosis international · 2019Review
- Practical Evidence-Based Recommendations for Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Who Want to Have Children.Neurology and therapy · 2018Review
- Process signatures in glatiramer acetate synthesis: structural and functional relationships.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Management of women with multiple sclerosis through pregnancy and after childbirth.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2016Review
- QualiCOP: real-world effectiveness, tolerability, and quality of life in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with glatiramer acetate, treatment-naïve patients, and previously treated patients.Journal of neurology · 2016Observational
- A 2-year observational study of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis converting to glatiramer acetate from other disease-modifying therapies: the COPTIMIZE trial.Journal of neurology · 2014Observational
- Glatiramer acetate treatment effects on gene expression in monocytes of multiple sclerosis patients.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2013Article
- Glatiramer acetate in treatment of multiple sclerosis: a toolbox of random co-polymers for targeting inflammatory mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immune system?International journal of molecular sciences · 2012Review
- First-line disease-modifying therapies in paediatric multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive overview.Drugs · 2012Review
- Painful and involuntary multiple sclerosis.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2011Review
- Modulation of autoimmunity with artificial peptides.Autoimmunity reviews · 2010Review
- Review
- Immunomodulatory treatment strategies in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2008Review
- Effects of glatiramer acetate on fatigue and days of absence from work in first-time treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glatiramer acetate, formerly known as copolymer 1, is a mixture of synthetic polypeptides composed of four amino acids. Glatiramer acetate has been shown to be effective in preventing and suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore it was tested in several clinical studies, where it was found to slow the progression of disability and to reduce the relapse rate and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined disease activity and burden in relapsing-remitting MS. As a daily standard dose, 20mg of glatiramer acetate is injected subcutaneously. After injection, glatiramer acetate undergoes rapid degradation to amino acids and shorter peptides; so it is not possible to measure any systemic plasma concentrations or excretion rates. Two major mechanisms have been proposed to explain the effects of glatiramer acetate in EAE and MS: the induction of glatiramer acetate-reactive T helper 2 (Th2)-like regulatory suppressive cells and the interference with T cell activation as an altered peptide ligand. The most common adverse effects were mild injection site reactions (erythema, inflammation and induration). The most remarkable adverse event is the acute and transient immediate postinjection reaction manifested by flushing, chest tightness, palpitations and dyspnoea. Other reported adverse effects are transient chest pain and lymphadenopathy. Antibodies to glatiramer acetate induced during treatment do not interfere with its clinical effects. In several controlled clinical studies, glatiramer acetate has been shown to provide consistent, reproducible clinical benefits in the target population of patients with relapsing-remitting MS. The safety profile and risk-benefit ratio are excellent. Overall, glatiramer acetate is very well tolerated and has an excellent risk-benefit profile in patients with relapsing-remitting MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.