ReviewPharmacological reviews2001
International Union of Pharmacology. XXV. Nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors.
Review in Pharmacological reviews, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03897335 (The Effect of Aminophylline on Preventing Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 935 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Aminophylline on Preventing Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery
Who cites it
935 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,542 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autism Spectrum Disorders and Purinergic Signaling: A Systematic Review of Emerging Insights from Preclinical Studies.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Pooled it
- Adenosine as an Active Ingredient in Topical Preparations Against Hair Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Clinical Trials.Biomolecules · 2025Pooled it
- Tuning the Triazolotriazine Scaffold Toward Selective AChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Regulatory Mechanisms of T cell-microglia Interactions in Cerebral Ischemic Disease: Molecular Crosstalk, Experimental Techniques and Therapeutic Implications.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Increased ADORA1 expression in pancreatic islets coincides with insulin secretory defects in human type 2 diabetes.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Applying Deep-Learning-DrivenJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Pre-Exercise Caffeine as a Modulator of Exercise-Induced Acute Cardiometabolic Responses: A Narrative Review.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Inflammation, oxidative stress and purinergic signaling in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs).Purinergic signalling · 2026Review
- International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXXII. Applying an objective evaluation to the status of class A orphan G protein-coupled receptors.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists as Multisystem Disease Modifiers: From Molecular Signaling to Clinical Translation.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Glyceryl Trinitrate Enhances Caffeine Cytotoxicity Under Metabolic Stress in Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Adenosine Signaling in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors: Immune Suppression, Tumor Progression, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Adenosine Receptor Functionality and Desensitization Machinery in a Neuronal Cell Model of Angelman Syndrome.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Purinergic signaling in dengue infection: modulation of P2 receptors as a potential therapeutic strategy.Purinergic signalling · 2026Review
- Adenosine/AmBio · 2026Article
- Selective antagonism of adenosine A2A receptor reduces hypobaric hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting cGAS-STING pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Inhibition of Retinal AdoRA2a Activity Attenuates Myopia Progression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The ability of SABRE, a new quantitative receptor function model, to quantify receptor binding from even challenging concentration-effect data with a single unified fit.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms by which tumor cell CD73-mediated adenosine signaling drives M2 polarization of macrophages in non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
875 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Four adenosine receptors have been cloned and characterized from several mammalian species. The receptors are named adenosine A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3). The A(2A) and A(2B) receptors preferably interact with members of the G(s) family of G proteins and the A(1) and A(3) receptors with G(i/o) proteins. However, other G protein interactions have also been described. Adenosine is the preferred endogenous agonist at all these receptors, but inosine can also activate the A(3) receptor. The levels of adenosine seen under basal conditions are sufficient to cause some activation of all the receptors, at least where they are abundantly expressed. Adenosine levels during, e.g., ischemia can activate all receptors even when expressed in low abundance. Accordingly, experiments with receptor antagonists and mice with targeted disruption of adenosine A(1), A(2A), and A(3) expression reveal roles for these receptors under physiological and particularly pathophysiological conditions. There are pharmacological tools that can be used to classify A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptors but few drugs that interact selectively with A(2B) receptors. Testable models of the interaction of these drugs with their receptors have been generated by site-directed mutagenesis and homology-based modelling. Both agonists and antagonists are being developed as potential drugs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
11734617PMC9389454W2106861254What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.