ArticleBlood2001
Durable engraftment of major histocompatibility complex-incompatible cells after nonmyeloablative conditioning with fludarabine, low-dose total body irradiation, and posttransplantation cyclophosphamide.
Article in Blood, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 175 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II Trial of Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide and Sirolimus for Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD) Prophylaxis Following Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Nonmyeloablative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) for High-Risk Hematologic Malignancies With Related, HLA-Haploidentical Donors: A Phase II Trial of Immunosuppression With Cyclophosphamide Administered Before and After SCT
Safety of Post-transplant Alpha-beta Depleted T-cell Infusion Following Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplant (Haplo SCT)
Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Phase II Trial of Reduced Dose Post Transplant Cyclophosphamide After Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Hematological Malignancies
Who cites it
175 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intermediate-dose posttransplantation cyclophosphamide for myeloablative HLA-haploidentical bone marrow transplantation.Blood advances · 2025Trial
- Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide-Based Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- Sub-myeloablative Second Transplantations with Haploidentical Donors and Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide have limited Anti-Leukemic Effects in Pediatric Patients.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2022Trial
- The Predicted Indirectly Recognizable HLA Epitopes (PIRCHE) Score for HLA Class I Graft-versus-Host Disparity Is Associated with Increased Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease in Haploidentical Transplantation with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2020Trial
- Low-dose anti-thymocyte globulin plus low-dose posttransplant cyclophosphamide as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation combined with unrelated cord blood for patients with hematologic malignancies: a prospective, phase II study.Bone marrow transplantation · 2019Trial
- Hematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index and risk of developing invasive fungal infections after allografting.Bone marrow transplantation · 2018Trial
- Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide/Bendamustine in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Hematologic Malignancies.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Successful early unmanipulated haploidentical transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning for primary graft failure after cord blood transplantation in hematologic malignancy patients.Bone marrow transplantation · 2015Trial
- Similar transplantation outcomes for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients with haploidentical versus 10/10 human leukocyte antigen-matched unrelated and related donors.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2014Trial
- Improved early outcomes using a T cell replete graft compared with T cell depleted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2012Trial
- Trial
- Treatment of hematological malignancies with nonmyeloablative, HLA-haploidentical bone marrow transplantation and high dose, post-transplantation cyclophosphamide.Best practice & research. Clinical haematology · 2011Trial
- Trial
- High-dose cyclophosphamide as single-agent, short-course prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease.Blood · 2010Trial
- HLA-haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies using nonmyeloablative conditioning and high-dose, posttransplantation cyclophosphamide.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2008Trial
- Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation from haploidentical donors with total body irradiation versus chemo-based regimens for adult AML patients in first complete remission. A study from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT).Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Article
- Antimetabolites synergize with non-genotoxic antibody drug conjugate conditioning in hematopoietic stem cell lentiviral gene therapy.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Donor and stem cell source selection in hematopoietic cell transplantation in the Asia-Pacific region: results from the APBMT Activity Survey 2022-2023.Blood cell therapy · 2026Article
- Optimal donor selection for transplant to reduce GVHD risk and augment graft-versus-malignancy efficacy.Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
115 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Treatment of leukemia by myeloablative conditioning and transplantation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched stem cells is generally avoided because of the high risk of graft rejection or lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This study shows that MHC-incompatible cells can engraft stably after nonmyeloablative conditioning with immunosuppressive chemotherapy and low-dose total body irradiation (TBI). Long-term mixed hematopoietic chimerism, clonal deletion of donor-reactive T cells, and bidirectional cytotoxic T-cell tolerance were achieved by transplanting MHC-mismatched marrow cells into recipients conditioned with pretransplantation fludarabine or cyclophosphamide (Cy), 50 to 200 cGy TBI on day -1, and Cy 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally on day 3. In this model, long-term donor chimerism was proportional to the dose of TBI or donor marrow cells. Pretransplantation fludarabine and posttransplantation Cy were both required for alloengraftment, but the drugs had additional effects. For example, fludarabine sensitized host stem cells to the toxicity of TBI, because animals conditioned with both agents had higher chimerism than animals conditioned with TBI alone (P <.05). Also, posttransplantation Cy attenuated lethal and nonlethal GVH reactions, because F(1) recipients of host-reactive, parental spleen cells survived longer (P <.05) and had lower donor cell chimerism (P <.01) if they received posttransplantation Cy than if they did not. Finally, delayed infusions of donor lymphocytes into mixed chimeras prolonged survival after leukemia challenge (P <.0001) without causing lethal GVHD. These results indicate that stable engraftment of MHC-incompatible cells can be induced after fludarabine-based, nonmyeloablative conditioning and that it serves as a platform for adoptive immunotherapy with donor lymphocyte infusions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.