ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
High-level HIV-1 viremia suppresses viral antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 88 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in HIV-Infected Individuals
IGHID 1309 -A Phase I Study to Evaluate the Kinetics of the Immunologic Response and Virologic Impact of AGS-004 in HIV-Infected Individuals Suppressed on Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated During Acute and Chronic HIV Infection
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- A lower viral set point but little immunological impact after early treatment during primary HIV infection.Viral immunology · 2015Trial
- IFNγ/IL-10 co-producing cells dominate the CD4 response to malaria in highly exposed children.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Immunologic activity and safety of autologous HIV RNA-electroporated dendritic cells in HIV-1 infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2010Trial
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific T helper responses fail to predict CD4+ T cell decline following short-course treatment at primary HIV-1 infection.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2008Trial
- Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity evaluation of a multiclade HIV-1 candidate vaccine delivered by a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus vector.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2006Trial
- Cellular immune responses in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and effects of vaccination with recombinant envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2006Trial
- HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses in chronically HIV-1 infected blippers on antiretroviral therapy in relation to viral replication following treatment interruption.Journal of clinical immunology · 2006Trial
- Limited durability of viral control following treated acute HIV infection.PLoS medicine · 2004Trial
- Discordance between frequency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific gamma interferon-producing CD4(+) T cells and HIV-1-specific lymphoproliferation in HIV-1-infected subjects with active viral replication.Journal of virology · 2002Trial
- Review
- Highly dampened HIV-specific cytolytic effector T cell responses define viremic non-progression.Immunobiology · 2022Article
- CD4American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- The single-cell landscape of immunological responses of CD4+ T cells in HIV versus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2021Review
- Article
- HIV-1 Vpu Downregulates Tim-3 from the Surface of Infected CD4Journal of virology · 2020Article
- The replication-competent HIV-1 latent reservoir is primarily established near the time of therapy initiation.Science translational medicine · 2019Article
- Impaired Cytomegalovirus Immunity in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Lung Transplant Recipients with Short Telomeres.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2019Article
- Blocking Formation of the Stable HIV Reservoir: A New Perspective for HIV-1 Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Molecular Basis of the Differentiation and Function of Virus Specific Follicular Helper CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In chronic viral infections of humans and experimental animals, virus-specific CD4(+) T cell function is believed to be critical for induction and maintenance of host immunity that mediates effective restriction of viral replication. Because in vitro proliferation of HIV-specific memory CD4(+) T cells is only rarely demonstrable in HIV-infected individuals, it is presumed that HIV-specific CD4(+) T cells are killed upon encountering the virus, and maintenance of CD4(+) T cell responses in some patients causes the restriction of virus replication. In this study, proliferative responses were absent in patients with poorly restricted virus replication although HIV-specific CD4(+) T cells capable of producing IFN-gamma were detected. In a separate cohort, interruption of antiretroviral therapy resulted in the rapid and complete abrogation of virus-specific proliferation although HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T cells were present. HIV-specific proliferation returned when therapy was resumed and virus replication was controlled. Further, HIV-specific CD4(+) T cells of viremic patients could be induced to proliferate in response to HIV antigens when costimulation was provided by anti-CD28 antibody in vitro. Thus, HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T cells persist but remain poorly responsive (produce IFN-gamma but do not proliferate) in viremic patients. Unrestricted virus replication causes diminished proliferation of virus-specific CD4(+) T cells. Suppression of proliferation of HIV-specific CD4(+) T cells in the context of high levels of antigen may be a mechanism by which HIV or other persistently replicating viruses limit the precursor frequency of virus-specific CD4(+) T cells and disrupt the development of effective virus-specific immune responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.