ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
RALF, a 5-kDa ubiquitous polypeptide in plants, arrests root growth and development.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 200 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
200 citing papers in PubMed, 467 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pectin Structural Dynamics: Developmental and Evolutionary Perspectives.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An alkalinization-phytocytokine amplification circuit primes distal immunity in plants.Plant communications · 2026Article
- Plant Peptides on the Rise: From Historical Insight to Future Applications.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- OsRALF26 Serves as an Endogenous Signal Recognised by XA21 to Promote Robust and Distal Resistance in Rice.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- A RALF22-like Peptide Coordinates Salt Tolerance and Disease Susceptibility in Poplar (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ustilago maydis Phosphatidic Acid and Phosphatidylserine-Targeting Secreted Lipase Lip3 Is Involved in Pathogenesis.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- Plant subtilases as key initiators of peptide ligand-receptor signaling.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Plant non-canonical peptides: From identification to mechanisms.Plant communications · 2026Review
- Insights into the roles of RALF peptides and CrRLK1L receptors in fruit ripening.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Molecular mimicry and trafficking of peptide effectors in sedentary nematodes: emerging drivers of feeding site formation and host signaling hijack.Crop health · 2026Review
- Graft compatibility emerges from the balance between regeneration and immunity: lessons from plant-plant interactions.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- The Arabidopsis phosphatase PP2C12 negatively regulates LRX-RALF-FER-mediated cell wall integrity sensing.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- The function of the Arabidopsis receptor kinase THESEUS1 in plant cell wall integrity maintenance: from evolutionary origin to future perspectives.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- The RALF-FERONIA Signaling Axis: A Central Hub Integrating Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Stress Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- CEPR1 function across plant lineages: peptide hormone recognition by cereal crop orthologs and developmental roles in barley.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Article
- From roots to reproduction: the multifaceted roles of rapid alkalinization factor and epidermal patterning factor peptides in plants.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Review
- Polyploidization-driven formation of theScience advances · 2025Article
- Promiscuity and specificity in ligand sensing by plant cell surface receptors.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The interplay of RALF structural and signaling functions in plant-microbe interactions.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- A molecular perspective on the role of FERONIA in root growth, nutrient uptake, stress sensing and microbiome assembly.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
140 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A 5-kDa polypeptide was isolated from tobacco leaves that induced a rapid alkalinization of the culture medium of tobacco suspension-cultured cells and a concomitant activation of an intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase. An N-terminal sequence was obtained, and a cDNA coding for the 49-aa polypeptide was isolated from a tobacco cDNA library. The cDNA encoded a preproprotein of 115 amino acids that contained the polypeptide at its C terminus. A search among known expressed sequence tags revealed that genes encoding Rapid ALkalinization Factor (RALF) preproproteins were present in various tissues and organs from 16 species of plants representing 9 families. A tomato homolog of the polypeptide was synthesized and, when supplied to germinating tomato and Arabidopsis seeds, it caused an arrest of root growth and development. Although its specific role in growth has not been established, the polypeptide joins the ranks of the increasing number of polypeptide hormones that are known to regulate plant stress, growth, and development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.