ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2001
Trends in antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in the United States: 1992 to 1994 and 1996 to 1998.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- InFuture microbiology · 2025Article
- Comparative evaluation of sensititre YeastOne and VITEK2 antifungal susceptibility tests with CLSI broth microdilution method of clinicalMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Antifungal Resistance in Cryptococcal Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Reduced Susceptibility to Azoles in Cryptococcus gattii Correlates with the Substitution R258L in a Substrate Recognition Site of the Lanosterol 14-α-Demethylase.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Methods for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of theJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Antifungal resistance, combinations and pipeline: oh my!Drugs in context · 2023Review
- Multilocus Sequence Typing of Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus from India.Mycopathologia · 2021Article
- Amphotericin B and Other Polyenes-Discovery, Clinical Use, Mode of Action and Drug Resistance.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Distribution of Fluconazole against Cryptococcus Species and the Fluconazole Exposure Prediction Model.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Management of Advanced HIV Disease.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2019Review
- Roles of Three Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Efflux Pump-Coding Genes in Response to Drug Treatment.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- High-Resolution Genetics Identifies the Lipid Transfer Protein Sec14p as Target for Antifungal Ergolines.PLoS genetics · 2016Article
- Impact of Resistance to Fluconazole on Virulence and Morphological Aspects of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Isolates.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Molecular typing of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex from Northeast Mexico.Folia microbiologica · 2016Article
- Flucytosine and cryptococcosis: time to urgently address the worldwide accessibility of a 50-year-old antifungal.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2013Review
- Correlation of anti-fungal susceptibility with clinical outcomes in patients with cryptococcal meningitis.BMC infectious diseases · 2012Article
- Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
- Microbiological characteristics of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus spp. in Bahia, Brazil: molecular types and antifungal susceptibilities.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2012Article
- Voriconazole, combined with amphotericin B, in the treatment for pulmonary cryptococcosis caused by C. neoformans (serotype A) in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).Mycopathologia · 2012Article
- Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for amphotericin B and flucytosine.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The antifungal drug susceptibilities of two collections of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates obtained through active laboratory-based surveillance from 1992 to 1994 (368 isolates) and 1996 to 1998 (364 isolates) were determined. The MICs of fluconazole, itraconazole, and flucytosine were determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution method; amphotericin B MICs were determined by the E-test. Our results showed that the MIC ranges, the MICs at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC(50)s), and the MIC(90)s of these four antifungal agents did not change from 1992 to 1998. In addition, very small numbers of isolates showed elevated MICs suggestive of in vitro resistance. The MICs of amphotericin B were elevated (>or=2 microg/ml) for 2 isolates, and the MICs of flucytosine were elevated (>or=32 microg/ml) for 14 isolates. Among the azoles, the fluconazole MIC was elevated (>or=64 microg/ml) for 8 isolates and the itraconazole MIC (>or=1 microg/ml) was elevated for 45 isolates. Analysis of 172 serial isolates from 71 patients showed little change in the fluconazole MIC over time. For isolates from 58 patients (82% of serial cases) there was either no change or a twofold change in the fluconazole MIC. In contrast, for isolates from seven patients (12% of serial cases) the increase in the MIC was at least fourfold. For isolates from another patient there was a 32-fold decrease in the fluconazole MIC over a 1-month period. We conclude that in vitro resistance to antifungal agents remains uncommon in C. neoformans and has not significantly changed with time during the past decade.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.