ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2001
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 865 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
865 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,585 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production and antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae causing clinical infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2012-2020).European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Predictors of mortality from extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Impact of PBP3 insertions and β-lactamase-encoding genes on the susceptibility ofAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Klebsiella genus as driver of human disease: from infections to non-communicable disorders.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Role of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes in the dissemination of β-lactam resistance within aquatic environments: mechanisms, persistence, and one health implications.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Investigation of antibiotic resistance profiles, characteristics of ESBL (extended spectrum beta-lactamase) and PMQR (plasmid mediated quinolone resistance) genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitals in Konya province.Journal of applied genetics · 2026Article
- Association between phenotypes and genotypes of antimicrobial resistance inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Activities of Anthocleista nobilis Bark Extracts Against Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogens.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in poultry meat in the mediterranean region: prevalence, public health implications, and control strategies: A review.Poultry science · 2026Review
- Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance in Neonatal Sepsis: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Evidence for a Constrained Mutational Pathway to High-Level Spectinomycin Resistance inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Broad synergistic effects of an AMP with multiple antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria via multifaceted mechanisms.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cefdinir binding to a class A β-lactamase revealed by serial cryo-crystallography.Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology · 2026Article
- Exploration of novel β-lactamase inhibitors against Klebsiella pneumoniae using fragment-based drug discovery approach.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Antibiotic susceptibility and resistance genes in Escherichia coli from broilers reared in a low-antibiotic-use production system.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Gram-negative bloodstream isolates: clinical evaluation of the LifeScale AST system.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
805 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Beta-lactamases continue to be the leading cause of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among gram-negative bacteria. In recent years there has been an increased incidence and prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), enzymes that hydrolyze and cause resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins and aztreonam. The majority of ESBLs are derived from the widespread broad-spectrum beta-lactamases TEM-1 and SHV-1. There are also new families of ESBLs, including the CTX-M and OXA-type enzymes as well as novel, unrelated beta-lactamases. Several different methods for the detection of ESBLs in clinical isolates have been suggested. While each of the tests has merit, none of the tests is able to detect all of the ESBLs encountered. ESBLs have become widespread throughout the world and are now found in a significant percentage of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in certain countries. They have also been found in other Enterobacteriaceae strains and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Strains expressing these beta-lactamases will present a host of therapeutic challenges as we head into the 21st century.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.