ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2001
Contribution of immune activation to the pathogenesis and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 328 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and Laboratory Outcomes in HIV-1 and HTLV-1/2 Coinfection: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Antihelminthics in helminth-endemic areas: effects on HIV disease progression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- A systematic review of the epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of pleural TB in HIV-infected patients.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Pooled it
- Deworming helminth co-infected individuals for delaying HIV disease progression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2009Pooled it
- Treatment of helminth co-infection in HIV-1 infected individuals in resource-limited settings.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2008Pooled it
- Trial
- Short communication: T cell activation in HIV-1/herpes simplex virus-2-coinfected Kenyan women receiving valacyclovir.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Trial
- Maternal tuberculosis: a risk factor for mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2011Trial
- Trial
- Albendazole treatment of HIV-1 and helminth co-infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.AIDS (London, England) · 2008Trial
- Serum Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 levels in people living with HIV on short-term and long-term antiretroviral therapy: a comparative cross-sectional study with HIV-negative controls.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Role of cell-free DNA technology in assisting paraffin-embedded cytology for the pathological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- The HIV-1 Vpr R77Q mutant alters host apoptotic gene regulation in CD4+ T cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Failure or Success Risk Associated With the Dynamic of Immunological Parameters in People Living With HIV-1 on Antiretroviral Treatment in Benin.AIDS research and treatment · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cells modulate monocyte functions in immunocompetent antiretroviral therapy naive HIV-1 infected people.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Advanced in immunological monitoring of HIV infection: profile of immune cells and cytokines in people living with HIV-1 in Benin.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- HIV specific Th1 responses are altered in Ugandans with HIV and Schistosoma mansoni coinfection.BMC immunology · 2023Article
- Biomedical association analysis between G2/M checkpoint genes and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and AIDS progression from a northern chinese MSM population.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- The Role of Innate Immunity in Natural Elite Controllers of HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is intricately related to the activation state of the host cells supporting viral replication. Although cellular activation is essential to mount an effective host immune response to invading pathogens, paradoxically the marked systemic immune activation that accompanies HIV-1 infection in vivo may play an important role in sustaining phenomenal rates of HIV-1 replication in infected persons. Moreover, by inducing CD4+ cell loss by apoptosis, immune activation may further be central to the increased rate of CD4+ cell turnover and eventual development of CD4+ lymphocytopenia. In addition to HIV-1-induced immune activation, exogenous immune stimuli such as opportunistic infections may further impact the rate of HIV-1 replication systemically or at localized anatomical sites. Such stimuli may also lead to genotypic and phenotypic changes in the virus pool. Together, these various immunological effects on the biology of HIV-1 may potentially enhance disease progression in HIV-infected persons and may ultimately outweigh the beneficial aspects of antiviral immune responses. This may be particularly important for those living in developing countries, where there is little or no access to antiretroviral drugs and where frequent exposure to pathogenic organisms sustains a chronically heightened state of immune activation. Moreover, immune activation associated with sexually transmitted diseases, chorioamnionitis, and mastitis may have important local effects on HIV-1 replication that may increase the risk of sexual or mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. The aim of this paper is to provide a broad review of the interrelationship between immune activation and the immunopathogenesis, transmission, progression, and treatment of HIV-1 infection in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.