ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
Microinjection and growth of bacteria in the cytosol of mammalian host cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
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- PASTA kinase-dependent control of peptidoglycan synthesis via ReoM is required for cell wall stress responses, cytosolic survival, and virulence in Listeria monocytogenes.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Virulence Pattern Analysis of ThreeMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Listeria monocytogenes MenI Encodes a DHNA-CoA Thioesterase Necessary for Menaquinone Biosynthesis, Cytosolic Survival, and Virulence.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Mutation of the Transcriptional Regulator YtoI Rescues Listeria monocytogenes Mutants Deficient in the Essential Shared Metabolite 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-Naphthoate (DHNA).Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Metabolism of the Gram-Positive Bacterial PathogenMicrobiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Identification and Localization of the First Known Proteins of theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Divergent Allele Advantage at Human MHC Genes: Signatures of Past and Ongoing Selection.Molecular biology and evolution · 2018Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most facultative intracellular bacteria replicate in specialized phagosomes after being taken up by mammalian cells. Relatively few intracellular bacteria escape the phagosomal compartment with the help of cytolytic (pore-forming) proteins and replicate in the host cell cytosol. Without such toxins, intracellular bacteria cannot reach this cellular compartment. To circumvent the requirement of an "escape" step, we developed a procedure allowing the efficient direct injection of bacteria into the cytosol of mammalian cells. With this technique, we show that most bacteria, including extracellular bacteria and intracellular pathogens that normally reside in a vacuole, are unable to replicate in the cytosol of the mammalian cells. In contrast, microorganisms that replicate in the cytosol, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, and, to some extent, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, are able to multiply in this cellular compartment after microinjection. Further L. monocytogenes with deletion in its PrfA-regulated hpt gene was found to be impaired in replication when injected into the cytosol. Complementation of the hpt mutation with a plasmid carrying the wild-type hpt gene restored the replication ability in the cytosol. These data indicate that cytosolic intracellular pathogens have evolved specific mechanisms to grow in this compartment of mammalian cells.
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