Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
Divergent effect of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in highly related macaque species: implications for primate models in tuberculosis vaccine research.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
- Induction of Functional Specific Antibodies, IgG-Secreting Plasmablasts and Memory B Cells Following BCG Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta): A Case Report.Journal of medical primatology · 2026Article
- Differences in cynomolgus macaque populations used for infectious disease research.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- The Impact of Animal Models and Strain Standardization on the Evaluation of Tuberculosis Vaccine Efficacy.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Model systems to studyFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- A high titer antibody response against P22 protein immunocomplex is not correlated with protection in naturally tuberculosis-infected goats.The veterinary quarterly · 2024Article
- Understanding the development of tuberculous granulomas: insights into host protection and pathogenesis, a review in humans and animals.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- TheFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Surveillance of Daughter Micronodule Formation Is a Key Factor for Vaccine Evaluation Using Experimental Infection Models of Tuberculosis in Macaques.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Bridging the gaps to overcome major hurdles in the development of next-generation tuberculosis vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- After 100 Years of BCG Immunization against Tuberculosis, What Is New and Still Outstanding for This Vaccine?Vaccines · 2021Review
- Quantitative Rapid Test for Detection and Monitoring of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Nonhuman Primates.Biology · 2021Article
- High-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis aerosol challenge cannot overcome BCG-induced protection in Chinese origin cynomolgus macaques; implications of natural resistance for vaccine evaluation.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Prime Vaccination with Chitosan-Coated Phipps BCG and Boosting with CFP-PLGA against Tuberculosis in a Goat Model.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- A non-human primate in vitro functional assay for the early evaluation of TB vaccine candidates.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Dynamics of Macrophage, T and B Cell Infiltration Within Pulmonary Granulomas Induced byFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Transient Immune Activation in BCG-Vaccinated Infant Rhesus Macaques Is Not Sufficient to Influence Oral Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Protective Efficacy of Inhaled BCG Vaccination Against Ultra-Low Dose AerosolPharmaceutics · 2020Article
- X-ray-based virtual slicing of TB-infected lungs.Scientific reports · 2019Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remains globally the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease. The complicated and often protracted dynamics of infection and disease make clinical trials to test new tuberculosis vaccines extremely complex. Preclinical selection of only the most promising candidates is therefore essential. Because macaque monkeys develop a disease very similar to humans, they have potential to provide important information in addition to small animal models. To assess the relative merits of rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys as screens for tuberculosis vaccines, we compared the efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination and the course of infection in both species. Unvaccinated rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys both developed progressive disease with high levels of C-reactive protein, M. tuberculosis-specific IgG, and extensive pathology including cavitation and caseous necrosis. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination protected cynomolgus almost completely toward the development of pathology, reflected in a striking 2-log reduction in viable bacteria in the lungs compared with nonvaccinated animals. Rhesus, on the other hand, were not protected efficiently by the bacillus Calmette-Guérin. The vaccinated animals developed substantial pathology and had negligible reductions of colony-forming units in the lungs. Comparative studies in these closely related species are likely to provide insight into mechanisms involved in protection against tuberculosis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.