ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2001
C1q and mannose binding lectin engagement of cell surface calreticulin and CD91 initiates macropinocytosis and uptake of apoptotic cells.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 391 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
391 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive analysis of regulated cell death pathways: intrinsic disorder, protein-protein interactions, and cross-pathway communication.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Pooled it
- Unveiling the Link Between Inflammation and Adaptive Immunity in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Pooled it
- Association of mannose-binding lectin, ficolin-2 and immunoglobulin concentrations with future exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: secondary analysis of the randomized controlled REDUCE trial.Respiratory research · 2021Trial
- Early intra-articular complement activation in ankle fractures.BioMed research international · 2014Trial
- Inhibition of KDEL Receptors Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment for T Cell Independent Tumor Regression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Malondialdehyde epitopes exposed on dying cells are potent modulators of complement activity and efferocytosis.Journal of lipid research · 2026Article
- Proteomic and Transcriptomic Signatures of Poor Asthma Symptom Control in the U-BIOPRED Cohort.Allergy · 2026Article
- Type I interferon-dependent and -independent signaling underlie autoantibody production in a murine lupus model.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Article
- A logic-gated trispecific engager enhances macrophage killing of cancer cells in solid tumors.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Advances in the lectin pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus: from clinical correlations and mechanisms to targeted interventions.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets: Deciphering Interaction Networks and Advancing Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2026Review
- Impaired Macrophage Efferocytosis: Shared Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- The role of the complement system in gastrointestinal-related diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Leptospirosis-associated pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome: immune mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and experimental models.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2026Review
- Stage-specific TRIM10 expression regulates erythroid maturation.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Repurposing Cardiac Glycosides to Potentiate CD47 Blockade through Calreticulin-mediated Phagocytic Effects for Lung Cancer Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Efferocytosis in tissue engineering: A comprehensive review of emerging therapeutic strategies for enhanced tissue repair and regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Emerging roles for complement in lung transplantation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Dual roles and therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironments.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Obesity enhances ovarian cancer chemotherapy efficacy through C1q-mediated tumor targeting and immune activation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
331 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Removal of apoptotic cells is essential for maintenance of tissue homeostasis, organogenesis, remodeling, development, and maintenance of the immune system, protection against neoplasia, and resolution of inflammation. The mechanisms of this removal involve recognition of the apoptotic cell surface and initiation of phagocytic uptake into a variety of cell types. Here we provide evidence that C1q and mannose binding lectin (MBL), a member of the collectin family of proteins, bind to apoptotic cells and stimulate ingestion of these by ligation on the phagocyte surface of the multifunctional protein, calreticulin (also known as the cC1qR), which in turn is bound to the endocytic receptor protein CD91, also known as the alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor. Use of these proteins provides another example of apoptotic cell clearance mediated by pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune system. Ingestion of the apoptotic cells through calreticulin/CD91 stimulation is further shown to involve the process of macropinocytosis, implicated as a primitive and relatively nonselective uptake mechanism for C1q- and MBL-enhanced engulfment of whole, intact apoptotic cells, as well as cell debris and foreign organisms to which these molecules may bind.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.