ArticleJournal of virology2001
Infection of lymphoid cells by integration-defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 increases de novo methylation.
Article in Journal of virology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiome-Epigenome Interplay Impacts Microbial Symbiosis and Stress Adaptations in the Brown Planthopper (International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of retroviral regulation: a comparative review.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- DNA Methylation: A Key Regulator in Male and Female Reproductive Outcomes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Molecular mechanisms of viral oncogenesis in haematological malignancies: perspectives from metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic regulation and immune microenvironment remodeling.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Differential Epigenetic Regulation in Uninfected and Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infected Patients.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- The Epigenetic Role of miR-124 in HIV-1 Tat- and Cocaine-Mediated Microglial Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- DNA Methyltransferases: From Evolution to Clinical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Latency-associated DNA methylation patterns among HIV-1 infected individuals with distinct disease progression courses or antiretroviral virologic response.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Targeting Epigenetics to Cure HIV-1: Lessons From (and for) Cancer Treatment.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Epigenetic crosstalk in chronic infection with HIV-1.Seminars in immunopathology · 2020Review
- Long-term HIV-1 Tat Expression in the Brain Led to Neurobehavioral, Pathological, and Epigenetic Changes Reminiscent of Accelerated Aging.Aging and disease · 2020Article
- Review
- Epigenetic Promoter DNA Methylation of miR-124 Promotes HIV-1 Tat-Mediated Microglial Activation via MECP2-STAT3 Axis.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2018Article
- Involvement of Epigenetic Promoter DNA Methylation of miR-124 in the Pathogenesis of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.Epigenetics insights · 2018Article
- Expression profiling of chromatin-modifying enzymes and global DNA methylation in CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic HIV infection at different HIV control and progression states.Clinical epigenetics · 2018Article
- Host Methyltransferases and Demethylases: Potential New Epigenetic Targets for HIV Cure Strategies and Beyond.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Review
- Immunoassay and molecular methods to investigate DNA methylation changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in HIV infected patients on cART.Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry · 2017Article
- Epigenome-wide differential DNA methylation between HIV-infected and uninfected individuals.Epigenetics · 2016Article
- Long Terminal Repeat Circular DNA as Markers of Active Viral Replication of Human T Lymphotropic Virus-1 in Vivo.Viruses · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
DNA methylation, by regulating the transcription of genes, is a major modifier of the eukaryotic genome. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are responsible for both maintenance and de novo methylation. We have reported that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection increases DNMT1 expression and de novo methylation of genes such as the gamma interferon gene in CD4(+) cells. Here, we examined the mechanism(s) by which HIV-1 infection increases the cellular capacity to methylate genes. While the RNAs and proteins of all three DNMTs (1, 3a, and 3b) were detected in Hut 78 lymphoid cells, only the expression of DNMT1 was significantly increased 3 to 5 days postinfection. This increase was observed with either wild-type HIV-1 or an integrase (IN) mutant, which renders HIV replication defective, due to the inability of the provirus to integrate into the host genome. Unintegrated viral DNA is a common feature of many retroviral infections and is thought to play a role in pathogenesis. These results indicate another mechanism by which unintegrated viral DNA affects the host. In addition to the increase in overall genomic methylation, hypermethylation and reduced expression of the p16(INK4A) gene, one of the most commonly altered genes in human cancer, were seen in cells infected with both wild-type and IN-defective HIV-1. Thus, infection of lymphoid cells with integration-defective HIV-1 can increase the methylation of CpG islands in the promoters of genes such as the p16(INK4A) gene, silencing their expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.