ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
Oral immunization with hepatitis B surface antigen expressed in transgenic plants.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 326 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity in humans of an edible vaccine for hepatitis B.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2005Trial
- Plant Biofactories for Vaccination: Progress in Edible Vaccine Technologies as a Sustainable Approach to Global Immunization.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Recent Advancements in Non-Invasive Vaccination Strategies.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Blades and barriers: Oral vaccines for conquering cancers and warding off infectious diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Plant-based vaccines against viral hepatitis: A panoptic review.World journal of virology · 2024Review
- Recent development of oral vaccines (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- Review
- Cloning and expression of an anti-cancerous cytokine: human IL-29 gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.AMB Express · 2023Article
- Article
- Challenges and Prospects of Plant-Derived Oral Vaccines against Hepatitis B and C Viruses.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Producing Vaccines against Enveloped Viruses in Plants: Making the Impossible, Difficult.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Oral Immunization With a Plant HSP90-SAG1 Fusion Protein Produced in Tobacco Elicits Strong Immune Responses and Reduces Cyst Number and Clinical Signs of Toxoplasmosis in Mice.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Plant Platforms for Efficient Heterologous Protein Production.Biotechnology and bioprocess engineering : BBE · 2021Review
- Development of a TransgenicFood technology and biotechnology · 2019Article
- Induction of Immune Response in Animal Model Using Recombinant Anti-NDV Vaccine.Iranian journal of biotechnology · 2019Article
- Article
- Lettuce-produced hepatitis C virus E1E2 heterodimer triggers immune responses in mice and antibody production after oral vaccination.Plant biotechnology journal · 2017Article
- Oral Administration of a Seed-based Bivalent Rotavirus Vaccine Containing VP6 and NSP4 Induces Specific Immune Responses in Mice.Frontiers in plant science · 2017Article
- Cold chain and virus-free chloroplast-made booster vaccine to confer immunity against different poliovirus serotypes.Plant biotechnology journal · 2016Article
- The Last Ten Years of Advancements in Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Hepatitis B.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oral immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) derived from yeast (purified product) or in transgenic potatoes (uncooked unprocessed sample) was compared. An oral adjuvant, cholera toxin, was used to increase immune responses. Transgenic plant material containing HBsAg was the superior means of both inducing a primary immune response and priming the mice to respond to a subsequent parenteral injection of HBsAg. Electron microscopy of transgenic plant samples revealed evidence that the HBsAg accumulated intracellularly; we conclude that natural bioencapsulation of the antigen may provide protection from degradation in the digestive tract until plant cell degradation occurs near an immune effector site in the gut. The correlate of protection from hepatitis B virus infection is serum antibody titers induced by vaccination; the protective level in humans is 10 milliunits/ml or greater. Mice fed HBsAg-transgenic potatoes produced HBsAg-specific serum antibodies that exceeded the protective level and, on parenteral boosting, generated a strong long-lasting secondary antibody response. We have also shown the effectiveness of oral delivery by using a parenteral prime-oral boost immunization schedule. The demonstrated success of oral immunization for hepatitis B virus with an "edible vaccine" provides a strategy for contributing a means to achieve global immunization for hepatitis B prevention and eradication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.